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What if the demands of farmers’ met

Intrepid Talks
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What if the demands of farmers’ met

The ongoing politically motivatived farmer’s protest around the borders of national capital Delhi has passed around 4 months without reaching any solid solution. How these farmers are thinking of a solution without even talking? This is the biggest question arising. Meetings between farmers union and Agriculture Minister Shri Narendra Tomar has taken place for about half a dozen times but without any serious outcome. People loosing there loved one’s, several hundreds loosing there job all because of this outcry.

On 25 Dec on the special occasion of Good Governance Day also the birth anniversary of former PM Late Shri Vajpayee ji, PM Modi gives around 18 Thousand Cr to the accounts of 9 thousands farmers, he also made a speech tried his level best o clear out the clouds of doubts created by some leftist, political parties for their private gain.

But the most essentail question originating in the minds of common man is that, why is the Govt not agreeing on the demands of farmers which is leading to this big chaos? So let us dig some ground to know the depth of this:

  • Country will undergo harsh time of unstability

If the govt take back these 3 farm laws there will be series of similar pattern protest regarding taking back of many law passed by govt in past. Like CAA and NRC. Protest will be every part of the county because 1 in 1000 must be upset by the working of govt and they will start protest. Specifically talking, Kashmir will be the most affected after that as Gupkar will start their demonstartion against rolling back of Ar 370. There will be a regular series of riots happening in some part of the country. Noone can forget the recent riots of Delhi {below image is from Delhi riots}

  • Benchmark for the future

The biggest thing that any Govt have is the faith and trust civilians have in it, after rolling back these 3 farm laws there will surely be a scratch on it. If the govt agrees on the demands of farmers now then this Modi govt in the near future will not be in a position to pass and big and crucial law. Govt will loose it’s credibility, everyone will think that they can make the govt whatever they want by protesting whether their demand is right or not, whether their demand in the country’s favour or it’s merely adoing favour to a handful of people’s.

  • Insult in the International fourms/Media platforms

International Media which finds every single and minute thing to use against India. This can be seen as the reposting done by Al Jazeera, they will always try to show hoe sad,depressed,ripped people are currently in India , this is all because western world want to control the world singlehandly and as India is quickly evolving as a potentiol competitor they will try there level best to degrade and destroy us.

  • Strength to Ultra Left-Urban Naxal – Khalistani nexux

Demanding for the release of riots criminals in farmer’s protest is just out of book demand, giving open threats to PM Modi, saying every possible abusive thing to PM Modi, Hindus and to anyone in their way. These all are not the works of farmers. Some unwanted elements are using this issue and farmer’s anguish to draw their personal benefit. They are not doing all this shit in India but also in other countries they are Urban Naxals, Ultra Left, Kalistani’s and more.

So what’ the solution?

Only accepted and peaceful solution to any protest is by talking, debating over the respected issue. But this cannot be achieved till the farmer’s don’t remove the imposter within them, the unwanted elements. These elements will never allow the farmer’s and govt to make apeaceful pact. On other side there are also large number of farmer’s affected by these laws so govt should try more to tell them the reality the real side of the law.

What’s the point of celebrating Shiv Jayanti?

harshalhb
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What’s the point of celebrating Shiv Jayanti?

Two decades ago, the government of Maharashtra decided that the Shiv Jayanti i.e. the birth celebration of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj will be celebrated on 19th February every year, that is his birth date as per the Gregorian calendar. It was changed from the earlier practice of celebrating it on Falgun Kr’shna 3, the birth tithi as per the Indian lunisolar calendar. Two decades is a long period creating a gap of nearly a generation. Since Shiv Jayanti is a public holiday in Maharashtra, people will remember it by the Gregorian day, especially those who came to the age of being a working generation in last couple of decades or so.

It seems a small change on the face of it. Even a convenient one that the event exactly falls on the same date every year. Isn’t it convenient to arrange your work calendar after all in work days and holidays? What exactly is the loss that someone may want to crib about? There is indeed a loss. A loss that is much deeper than the mere convenience we might derive from the current arrangement. The loss is civilizational and cultural, and its depth can be fathomed through the simple question, ‘what is the point of celebrating Shiv Jayanti?’

The answer of this title question takes us back to who Shivaji Maharaj was and what is the unique historical importance of his life work. The beginning of Islamic invasion from middle eastern caliphates dates back to seventh century CE. The period since the first conquest till the beginning of the 17th century is filled with endless battles of Indian kings resisting the spread of the waves of middle eastern Islamic rulers and their theocratic governments. The political map of India was largely occupied by these forces by the beginning of 17th century and Mughals were comfortably established on the throne of Delhi. In south, the Bahamani Sultanates had dethroned Vijayanagar kings and last reigning Hindu kings were confined to southernmost end of India. This is the background that Shivaji Maharaj faced when he took up the mammoth task of establishing the ‘Hindavi Svarajya’. He not just established a small size kingdom, those existed in many even then. He laid the founding stone of an empire that had a large impact on Indian history in coming centuries.

But greatness of Shivaji Maharaj does not end at the assessment that he founded a kingdom that went on to become a large empire. It is the principles, policies and methods that he employed that not only had a temporal practical relevance in gaining political independence, but also had a fundamental philosophical relevance to the concepts of nationhood and independence. And these are the principles and concepts that are relevant even for today’s India, and possibly also for the India of coming centuries. We need to look at more recent history of India under British rule and the concept of colonization to fully understand the importance of the work of Shivaji Maharaj.

One of the primary mistakes that Indian society made when they subjugated themselves to the foreign rule of Britishers was that they took it as a political slavery. But British had a very different worldview than the native Indians. Indians then had no concept of civilizational conflict and the mindset of colonization. They probably could not fathom that Britishers not only sought the political sovereignty over the land but also considered themselves responsible for the upliftment of ignorant natives, which they called ‘White man’s burden’. This was their approach not only in India but wherever they went around the globe. Britishers sought to convert an Indian (or for that matter a native of anywhere) into a brown Englishman. They employed their entire machinery of state, military, education and religious orders into this work. It must be accepted that they succeeded in this task to a considerable extent. If we see around today’s India, we note that we are quite westernized in our mindset, so much so that we need a separate discipline of decolonization studies to understand the extent to which this poison has spread through our society.

The concept of colonization was not so structured, intentional and theoretically developed in the era of Shivaji Maharaj. But the influence of continued subjugation to middle eastern rulers was pretty visible. Shivaji Maharaj took active steps to stop this de-Indianization of Indian masses. Let’s see three specific examples of the actions of Shivaji Maharaj that made his rule radically different from the previous Islamic rulers and had signs of decolonization efforts. The first example is of the slave trade. Both the Islamic rulers of middle east and northern Africa as well as the Christian kingdoms of Europe indulged into the trade of human slaves that involved men and women from the nations that they ruled. India had come to the receiving end of this inhumanly trade activity that was rampant then. Shivaji Maharaj put an active stop to this practice. His influence was so strong that the human trafficking was stopped not only within his kingdom that was relatively much smaller, but nearly the entire coast of India. Ports being blocked, India’s participation in the barbaric slave trade nearly died. It must be noted that the colonial powers had continued to indulge into the slave trade in other parts of the world nearly till the beginning of of the twentieth century.

The second example is of Rajyavyavahara Kosha or a glossary of technical terms to be used for administration. This Kosha was in Sanskrut. Conscious efforts were made to reduce the usage of Farsi and Arabic languages from administrative documents and replace it with Sanskrut words. Many of the words that we use today were brought in vogue by this Kosha, such as Pradhan Mantri, Senapati, Nyayadhish and Sachiv. Historians have noted that the usage of Marathi/Sanskrut words in official letters was around 14% at the time of Shivaji Maharaj’s birth. It became around 63% at his death and went on to become 93% at later times when Maratha empire was at its peak. It is well accepted now that the languages carry cultural underpinnings and exact translations of many words carrying specific connotations is not always possible. Thus creation and usage of the Kosha is not merely limited to the creation of a dictionary. It is equivalent of recognizing that the Indian people have an expression that is unique and it must be provided a channel.

The third example is that of the creation of Shiva Shaka. Though the process of making an Indian calendar is standard, there are various starting years that are considered in different parts of the India. Therefore although the date will be the same, the year count is different in different systems. Two most prominent year counting systems are Vikrama Samvat and Shalivahan Shaka, followed in northern and southern India respectively. There are numerous others, each typically started by a king that has achieved a monumental feet of that times. Shivaji Maharaj had rightly judged the importance of his coronation and started a year count with this event, called Shiva Shaka.

All three examples I have given point to a specific trait that Shivaji Maharaj showed in each of his moves and actions. He did not intend to form another kingdom. He did not wish just to be an independent ruler of some piece of land. He wanted to build an empire that is homogeneously aligned with the ethos of this culture. His was a kingdom that spoke in the same voice of a common Indian and was rooted in same beliefs, traditions and customs that were dear to him. His was the kingdom that people could relate to, and took as its Dharma to protect the people. The principle is best celebrated in his seal which claims that ‘Mudra Bhadray Rajate’. In present parlance, he was king with a heavy program of decolonization.

This unique stature of Shivaji Maharaj was well recognized in the freedom struggle against British where two of the most famous poets of India, Rabindranath Tagore and Subramanyam Bharati wrote poetry in honour of Shivaji Maharaj. It was felt by all leaders alike that Shivaji Maharaj was the epitome of the freedom struggle, not only political, but social, cultural and in every other aspect. His actions defined, in present times, what exactly the Indian nation is. Mahatma Fule started Shiva Jayanti Utsav in 1870 that spread later across the country. The Shiva jayanti that was celebrated then was Falgun Kr’shna 3. So there is a history of more than a century to the celebrations by Indian calendar. And this exact principle is thrown away when we celebrate it by its Gregorian calendar date. So we commemorate the great king, but deny that we will carry this baton ahead. We are saying that we love to be in the slavery and though Shivaji Maharaj took great efforts to uplift this society, we love being under subjugation. We have no aspiration to have the freedom of expression of our opinions in our own language.

This is not the true spirit of celebrating Shiv Jayanti. The true spirit will be to celebrate it as a festival of independent, confident society, rooted firmly in its glorious past and embracing the modern world not blindly, but on its own terms and to its own benefit. Its celebration is not a matter of mere convenience, but of great pride. Shiv Jayanti is not 19th February as the government wants us to observe, but Falgun Kr’shna 3 as the society wants to celebrate.

Dr. Chris Ogden is biased, let’s expose him

Bimal Prasad Mohapatra
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Dr. Chris Ogden is biased, let’s expose him

(This is a rejoinder to the conversation held between John Pollock, Editor-9DASHLINE and author Dr. Chris Ogden, University of St. Andrews, Scotland-UK and published under the title “In Conversation: Chris Ogden on China and India” in the Europe based online magazine 9DASHLINE on 23 March 2021)

Editor John Pollock: Your 2017 book China and India: Asia’s Emergent Great Powers explored the history of both India and China with a focus on the values and identities of these two emerging powers. What drew you to write the book and was there anything surprising for you about the norms that drive their foreign interactions? 

Dr. Ogden’s reply: (He told among other facts) Both Beijing and New Delhi want a multipolar world order and importantly, both are suspicious of the international system and its gatekeepers.

My rejoinder: Yes that both are suspicious of the international system and its gatekeepers. But since the advent of socialist politics in the world under the leadership of Moscow in early 20th Century, it was never felt that socialists believe in multipolar world order. Under the Warsaw Pact, the member states were never multipolar like seen under NATO Pact. They were never allowed to have different opinion on any international issue. As per Brezhnev doctrine 1968, Soviet foreign policy proclaimed that any threat to socialist rule in any state of the Soviet bloc in Central and Eastern Europe was a threat to them all, and therefore justified the intervention of fellow socialist states. And the other major socialist state of the time then that was China was not part of Warsaw Pact because of differing perception on multipolar world order, and they were neither together as per established multipolar world order.

But, New Delhi believes in multipolar world order which has been demonstrated when its leadership went on leading Non-aligned Movement, SAARC, etc. in which member states are free to have independent opinion on international issues and allowed member states’ memberships in other multilateral world organizations.

Editor John Pollock: How do India and China’s respective political systems inform the conduct of their foreign policies? Are there similarities in the conduct of both states at the international level despite their differences?

Dr. Ogden’s reply: While China is authoritarian and India is largely democratic, there are autocratic tendencies within both systems and a very small group of people dictate foreign policy in each state. He gave the example of Atal Bihar Vajpayee who while going ahead for Nuclear Test in 1998 had not included his own Defence Minister in the close loop, which is as per Dr. Ogden ‘power is therefore highly concentrated’in India.

My rejoinder: Over this issue, I think Dr. Ogden has no idea of the problem. In mid-1990s, the then PM P.V.Narasinha Rao had made an attempt to conduct N-Test, which was very imperative for India’s self-defence when nuclear power China was clandestinely helping Pakistan building her weapon of mass destruction -and both China and Pakistan had fought wars with India- was leaked to West by his own cabinet minister, and plan was dropped under pressure from Clinton Administration. It does not mean Vajpayee had no trust on his own defence minister who was of course not from his party BJP in the coalition government. Vajpayee had informed about the program to DM George Fernadez on May 9, two days before the test.

Going further on foreign policy, Ogden said, “….they (China and India) are not interested in exporting their political systems to other countries. Both believe in the principle of non-intervention in international affairs.”

My rejoinder: Completely fallacious observation! Has China not exported her version of socialism to Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and South Korea? This observation deserves to be relooked by Dr. Ogden for his better understanding of South East Asia socialist politics. Latter both China and Vietnam fought 1979 war. Despite that, there is strong political tie up between two socialist countries’ ruling parties.

Yes, in case of India, she is reluctant for intervention in other countries unless asked. Here, the author gave example of India’s non-intervention in Afghanistan and Myanmar. But, I think the author has no idea about India’s intervention in Pakistan affairs in 1971 that liberated Bangladesh from brutal boots of Pakistan’s Army General. In regard to Afghanistan, India has intervened for economic and political development of the civil war ravaged state by funding and building economic and democratic infrastructure such as road, dam, academic institutions, health centres and parliament buildings. Yes, India has not militarily intervened in landlocked nation in view of strong presence of her arch-rival Pakistan’s trained Islamic terrorist infrastructure and organisations which are also used for terror activities in India by Pakistan with her invented new nomenclature such as ‘non-state players’.

When discuss about India’s non-intervention in Myanmar’s recent development, I have a simple question and that is has ever other nations’ interventions in everlasting military junta ruled Myanmar helped the problem solved? Answer is: Big no. Simple because whenever there is intervention, the junta had turned to China or Russia. Recently, when the present military junta head asked about sanctions, he replied, “We are used to this.” And here one should not forget that after February 01 take over Chinese Foreign Affairs minister stated, “Army takeover of Myanmar governance is just cabinet reshuffle.” The allegation of India that she does not intervene in Myanmar to get access for its market is baseless as trade in dollar term between two nations is insignificant $1.5 billion in 2019-20.

Later in 1987, India has intervened both diplomatically and militarily in Sri Lanka civil war though unsuccessfully. In 1988, India responding to Maldives president SOS intervened and rescued his government from foreign mercenaries’ invasion. In 2018, India intervened diplomatically in Maldives and helped got a democratic government installed there successfully without Indian Army boot in the island nation. It surprises me how Dr. Ogden forgets India’s peacekeeping missions worldwide under the aegis of UN Security Council?

Editor John Pollock: India and China are both vast countries with enormous populations, but is this reflected in the power of their diplomacy? Do Beijing and New Delhi carry the same level of diplomatic influence?

Dr. Ogden’s reply: As a broad generalisation, however, India has a better image even as a flawed democracy versus Beijing, which is more authoritarian in how it conducts diplomacy. 

My rejoinder: Does Dr. Ogden have an example of non-flawed democracy in the world? Have world two oldest democracies the US and the UK set right their democracies? Over more than two centuries of its existence, the US democracy could set right its election process to The White House which is squarely responsible for January 06, 2021 violent raid on Capitol Building mockingly quoted by Communist China’s foreign office mandarins in their interaction with US Secretary of State in Alaska. And the UK Parliament’s upper house is most undemocratic institution world has ever had and its head of state is still an unelected person.

Dr. Ogden’s reply: India has a major diplomatic presence in South Asia, but some countries see New Delhi as a threat because India has intervened far more in its periphery than China. Indian troops have been deployed to Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Bangladesh, and this has a historical legacy. China, in contrast, is viewed more positively, since it acts as a counterbalance to India’s relative strength. Nepal is a useful example of how a smaller state has managed relations with New Delhi by balancing its trading relationship with China. The Sino-Pakistani relationship is incredibly interesting as it anchors Beijing’s influence in South Asia. 

My rejoinder: Answering earlier question, Dr. Organ lamented India did not intervene in Afghanistan civil war and recent military coup in Myanmar. And also said India believes in non-intervention in international affairs while saying here that “Indian troops have been deployed to Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Bangladesh, and this has a historical legacy.” Except in Sri Lanka (1987-90), Indian troops were never deployed in Maldives and Bangladesh a la US forces in Iraq and Afghanistan which are often branded as “Occupying Force”. Sri Lanka deployment was as per 1987 Indo-Sri Lanka Accord. In Maldives, Indian forces were there to rescue the government mercenaries attack, and in Bangladesh, India forces were there to save Bangladeshis from Pakistan Army genocide. And in all these states Indian troops were never stayed for more than a day theirs service not required. What kind of historical legacy that Dr. Ogden saw is difficult to find out?

It is surprising to note that Dr. Ogden could not note China occupation of Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and South China Sea and maiming of democracy in Hong Kong. The Great Wall of China was built on the border of China and Mongolia to protect China from Mongolian invasions. Now, the same wall is in the heartland of China.

A deeper study of Nepal diplomacies with India and China tells her successive governments -since the days of China occupied Tibet in 1950s- have been blackmailing India to extract maximum trade benefits. And in regards to quoted Sino-Pakistan relationship, I would rather say how a political thinker cannot see the difficulties of democratic India co-existing side by side with doctorial regimes in military giant China and the world’s terror manufacturer Pakistan.

Dr. Ogden says, “If the BJP stays in power for another decade, I think India will become an increasingly Hindu country, and the role of the RSS then becomes more interesting because rather than swearing allegiance to the Indian flag, its members swear it to an imagined ‘Bharat’, which is a fully Hindu state. When Modi eventually leaves power, I think it will be very hard for India to return to a fully secular, tolerant, and unified society.”

My rejoinder: Continued governance of BJP, which looks very certain now, will certainly evict westernized privileged class, who are ready to be sold and thus deserve branding of ‘intellectual coolies’, and their imported Abrahamic secularism and liberalism which brand every indigenous thought is communal and aborigine, in order to retain Indian ethos that teach to distribute COVID19 vaccines to poor and rich nations without discrimination despite not fully vaccinated back in India when Western developed nations fond of teaching secularism, liberalism and democratic value to world reserves the same nine/seven (Canada/EU) times their requirements.    

Decoding it for the generalia: OTT rules, 2021

TS
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Decoding it for the generalia: OTT rules, 2021

Recently a web series launched on the amazon prime video led to alleged brewing of communal hatred between Hindus and Muslims which became the final push for the Government of India to roll out the Information Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries & Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (hereinafter referred to as IT Rules, 2021 or OTT Rules, 2021) to regulate internet based content & OTT platforms.

Over the top (OTT) platforms have gathered immense popularity in the contemporary times.. Fall in internet charges has also given a head start to the OTT platforms. The content available on these platforms can be accessed at any time with the help of mobile phones, laptops and television.OTT platforms have also thrived as a result of Covid-19 pandemic, which had put a pause on production, distribution and viewership of media content outside homes. The massive presence of OTT platforms and their impact on the society cannot be ignored. It is pertinent to note that prior to the formulation of IT Rules, 2021, there were no written rules to regulate the production, distribution and viewership of OTT content. The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2011 had proven ineffective because of lack of comprehensiveness. Further, the Central Board of Film Certification, which is the primary regulatory body for television media content unfortunately, does not exercise authority over web based media due to its inherent characteristics. Ever since the advent of OTT content, allegations have been raised against them because of their depiction of violence, nudity, explicit sexual activities, gore, etc.

Such content is accessible to almost everyone, irrespective of age and it has been claimed that viewership of such content has led to an increase in crimes against women, overt and rather perverted sexual behavior by youth, endorsement of immorality and indecency and glorification of antagonistic characters. One of the examples is the Nikita Tomar Case wherein the accused had named a particular web-series, as his motivation and guiding force to murder the innocent girl. Furthermore, it has been claimed that OTT Platforms, social media platforms, and online news distribution sites have also caused propagation of hate speech and in certain cases; their content has caused dissatisfaction among certain groups because of their characteristics of maligning a particular community. All these issues are primarily responsible for the conceptualization of IT Rules, 2021. These rules aim  at striking a  balance between artistic freedom/freedom of speech & expression and reasonableness.

The Information Technology Act, 2000 is the parent act and sections 69-A(2), 79(2)(c) and 87 of the Act empower the government to frame rules with respect to which, the IT Rules, 2021 has been formulated. The rules have been framed in order to exclusively deal with “intermediaries” and “digital media”.  Rule 2 of the IT Rules, 2021 or its interpretation clause in subrule (k) has defined “digital media” as any content that can be transferred over the internet or computer network, with the help of intermediaries. For defining the term “intermediaries”, reliance has been placed on section 2(w) of the original Information Technology Act, 2000 which defines it as any entity which receives, stores or transfers digital content.

Upon a reading of the rules, it can be observed that through the Information Technology Rules, 2021, the legislature has aimed at regulating primarily three different types of intermediaries. Those intermediaries are OTT Platforms, Social Media and Online Press Media. This article aims at analyzing the background or need for such rules, the provisions that have been provided for in order to regulate the same, and the social, legal, commercial and political fallout of the rules, once they start functioning at their full strength.

The key provisions of the new IT Rules 2021 include changes with respect to age specific rating to media content, updated privacy policy, user agreement, etc. Following is a list of some key provisions in the IT Rules, 2021

Due diligence to be exercised by intermediaries: Rule 4 mentions guidelines to be followed by social media intermediaries with respect to both privacy policy and content. Rules 4(1)(a) & 4(1)(c) mandate these entities to promptly publish the user agreement, privacy policy and terms of service and to also remind the user about these, once every year. Further Rule 4(1)(b) lays down guidelines that the users must be made aware of in order to regulate the publication and distribution of content on these social media platforms.

This Rule directs the intermediaries to inform  users that any content should not be published or distributed on their platform that belongs to another person and to which the user does not have any right or is defamatory, obscene, pornographic, pedophilic, or invasive of another’s privacy, including bodily privacy, insulting or harassing on the basis of gender, libelous, racially or ethnically objectionable. Any content which infringes Intellectual Property Rights shall not be published. Any content which threatens unity and Sovereignty of India, or which incites commission of a criminal offence is also prohibited.

Increased involvement of judicial & executive bodies: Rule 4(1)(d) states that an intermediary, upon receiving actual knowledge in the form of an order by a court of competent jurisdiction or on being notified by the appropriate Government or its agency under clause (b) of sub-section (3) of Section 79 of the Act, shall not host, store or publish any information prohibited by any law in relation to the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India: the security of the State; friendly relations with foreign States; public order; decency or morality; in relation to contempt of court; defamation; incitement to an offence, or information which violates any law for the time being in force.

Enhanced security measures for privacy: According to Rule 4(1)(f), privacy policy has to be reiterated at least once every year. Further, user data required for registration can be stored by an intermediary only for a period of 180 days, as mandated by Rule 4(1)(h). Other sub-rules also mandate the intermediaries to take all reasonable steps for securing individual data. As per Rule 4(1)(p), upon receiving a complaint, an intermediary must take down any published content that invades the privacy of a person. Further, under Rule 5(2), a mechanism has been developed in order to trace the originator of content.

Appointment of “grievance officer” & “compliance officer”: Rules 4(1)(n) & 5(a) mandate the appointment of a grievance officer and compliance officer respectively in the intermediaries in order to settle complaints. The name, designation and contact details of such persons must be published on the website/application of the particular intermediary.

Extensive guidelines for online press media: An applicable entity under Rule 7 has provisions for both self-regulating mechanism and authority or oversight of the government. The self-regulating mechanism has been divided into two levels, in the first level, appointment of a grievance redressal mechanism has been prescribed for. In the second level, an independent body for grievance redressal has to be constituted by the entity, which would consist of eminent people from the judiciary as well as the executive and legislature. Further, under the government oversight mechanism, the Ministry of Information & Technology has to constitute a team for grievance redressal with an “authorized officer” as its head, who cannot be a person below the rank of joint secretary, as per Rule 12. The preceding rules also guarantee reasonable interference of government for the purpose of regulating the business of these online press media.

Extended provisions through appendix and schedules: The Code of Ethics in the appendix attached to the rules imposes similar restrictions on online press media as those imposed under rule 4, on social media intermediaries.

Content classification: Provisions for content classification have been enshrined, and are applicable on both online curated content by press, films and other art content with web based release. Various forms of ratings like U, U/A, and A have been prescribed for, with age specific restrictions. Further, provisions have been made with respect to representation of discrimination, psychotropic substances, liquor, smoking and tobacco, imitable behavior, language, nudity & sex, fear, threat, horror or violence. Age restrictions further include prohibition of underage viewership of ‘A’ rated or similarly rated content, suitable for only adult viewership.

Author’s opinion

.Modernization has increased the dependence on technology to such an extent that now it is even sought after for purpose of entertainment. Any content which is published on the internet is accessible to people of every age group. This poses a particular problem for people belonging to younger age groups. The content available on internet is raw, unregulated, and sometimes even harmful for children. The provisions dealing with content classification,greater involvement of judiciary, executive and legislature are a blessing in disguise for proper regulation of online content. Further, the extensive grievance redressal mechanism is also a thoughtful step in addressing the complaints of consumers.

Freedom of speech and expression, prescribed as a fundamental right under Article 19(1) of the Constitution extends to online speeches and print media as well. This was reiterated by the Supreme Court in landmark judgments of Romesh Thapar v. State of Madras, 1950 & Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, 2015 by which the court struck down section 66-A of the Information Technology Act, 2000.

However, increased regulation by the government and provisions bypassing norms of end-to-end encryption, in order to trace the originator of the content, is an attack on people’s right to freedom of speech and expression. These provisions can also hinder free distribution of information on internet, where distribution of information can be considered as a necessary interpretation of expression. Further, the rules provide for excessive involvement of third parties in the functioning of private intermediaries and is inherently contradictory to the section 79 of the parent Act which provides immunity to intermediaries, provided that they observe due diligence. However, looking at Article 19(2) we can deduce that the reasonable restrictions under the Article would be at rescue to a content creator who thinks that his/her freedom of speech and expression has been infringed. These s new rules and the exercise of these rules would have to necessarily conform to the provisions of Article 19(2).

Hence, while the new rules can lead to loss of confidence among the content creators and might result in hesitation in the minds of content creators that whether they should go ahead with a sensitive or sensual topic or not, they need to have trust on the fact that even statutory provisions are bound by constitutional provisions. Additionally, the government has not explicitly banned any specific form ofcontent, till the time the content satisfies the legal requirements of due diligence and content classification. .

In conclusion, it can be said that there exists a very dicey game between merits and demerits of the new IT Rules, 2021 and neither of the two outshines the other. On one hand the rules are progressive in nature and have enhanced the levels of data protection of individual. On the other hand, it can also be claimed that the rules provide a major scope for a direct invasion on people’s privacy and an attack on freedom of speech and expression. However, the only hope for the content creators can be the provisions under Article 19(2) of the Constitution.

Further, the government cannot be blamed for undertaking certain stringent actions for protecting the social fabric of our country. While the restrictions are strict, this strictness is justified in light of the recent impact the OTT shows have had on the society. Further, the Rules do not bar judicial redressal in cases of misuse of these rules by the government. Hence, it is essential to see these rules not only in light of what negative impact they might have, but what were the actual problems which had led to the introduction of these rules, and whether the same problems are being solved by it or not.

An enigma called the Women’s Reservation Bill

yashchandan18
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An enigma called the Women’s Reservation Bill

This forenoon, while refreshing the timeline of my Twitter handle, I came across a tweet from a verified Twitter handle called ‘Youth Against Rape’ in which it had appealed to the netizens to demonstrate against the insignificant percentage of women representation in the Parliament of India and the rest of country’s state legislatures. It had also provided the hashtag #WomenReservationBill to use as a means of digital protest to coerce the Central government to reintroduce the need of the hour, the Women Reservation Bill in the lower house of the Parliament of India.

Later in the day, it also collated India’s representation of women with the other developing and poverty-stricken countries and exclaimed, quote, unquote,: ‘Out of 193 countries, India holds the 149th position with regards to female representation in the parliament! We are behind countries like Pakistan, Rwanda, Afghanistan, and many more!

For over a decade now, this contentious bill which eventually turned out to be a political imbroglio has been the epicenter of ceaseless TV debates and articles in foremost Indian newspapers but has manifested no sign of short-term termination. Numerous public intellectuals, think-tanks, thinkers, scholars, writers, columnists, journalists, politicians, historians, celebrities, professors and researchers adept at women and gender studies, and ‘feminists’ exhibited their concern for women and proclaimed their full-fledged support for the bill which has been the bone of contention betwixt them and the former UPA and the present-day NDA government at the Center. This bill was introduced as a toddling step towards ‘women empowerment’, yet again a Western term popular in the Western milieu and inculcated in the Indian minds through toxic means of social media and print media.

The Women’s Reservation Bill or The Constitution (108th Amendment) Bill, 2008, is a pending bill in the Parliament of India which propounds to amend the Constitution of India to reserve 33%, i.e., 1/3rd of all seats in the Lok Sabha, and in all state legislative assemblies for women on a rotational basis such that different constituencies in a state or Union Territory will have this reservation every general election. Of these, 1/3rd seats will be reserved for women from Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Scribbling a mathematical calculation on paper concludes that on implementing the proposal for the next one and half decade, 181 out of 543 seats in the Lok Sabha would have to be exclusively reserved for women Parliamentarians. The bill was introduced on the floor several times, namely in 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003, and 2008. The Rajya Sabha passed the neoteric version of the bill on the 9th of March 2010 with a walkover majority amidst acute din and ejection of several MPs from the upper house. Fortunately, the bill was never presented before the Lok Sabha as it lapsed when the 15th Lok Sabha dissolved in 2014, and hence it got the tag of a ‘pending bill’.

This bill is an apposite instance of pseudo-feminism where it is strenuously being attempted to vanish male (especially those belonging to the General Caste) politicians from the Lok Sabha and state legislatures of India. This bill will distinctly impact and further perish the marginalized General Caste from Indian politics. In the contemporary model of the Indian political machinery, 24.03%, i.e., 131 seats of the Lok Sabha are reserved for the representatives of Scheduled Caste (84) and Scheduled Tribe (47). So, 33% of women reservation and 24.03% of SCs and STs reservation sums up to 312 seats, which means merely 231 seats out of 543, would be left as a remnant for the male politicians belonging to the General Caste.

The same is the case with the legislative assemblies across the country, for example, in the Bihar Legislative Assembly, out of 243 seats, 38 are reserved for the representatives of the SCs, and 2 are reserved for the representatives of the STs; now, the Women Reservation Bill would reserve another 81 seats, which means almost 50% of the assembly seats would become reserved and hence the General Caste would be indirectly precluded from contesting elections from these reserved constituencies. If these biased and appeasing reservations are not abolished anon from Indian politics, then, in the upcoming days, it would be a chimera for the General Caste to contest and triumph over an election (either local, state-level, or national). The women already get one-third reservation in Gram Panchayats, Block Panchayats, District Councils, and Municipal Bodies (Albeit, at a pragmatic level, it’s the spouse or the male kin of the woman who runs the show behind the curtains and uses the woman as a puppet to exercise power in their jurisdiction).

Reservation, in any embodiment, in any sphere of work, to any religion, caste, cult, creed, community, and gender, besmirches its ideals and crumbles the aspirations of the General Caste citizenry which constitute nearly 29% of the Indian population according to the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). It is a termite steadily crippling the literate and the illiterate General Caste.

Also, the modern reservation in India is a distorted form of the Reservation system formulated by the chief architect of the Constitution of India, Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, who himself came from a downtrodden Mahar caste from Maharashtra.

Now, hypothetically, if we assume for a split second that the Lok Sabha approves this bill and the President of India gives his assent to the bill as per Article 111 of the Constitution of India to make it an act. Now, the other day, the LGBT+ community will flood the streets and sloganeer for their own quota of reservation. So, this series of reservations and special rights to certain individuals is ceaseless, void, and also unconstitutional to a certain degree. Each individual, each community wants its representation through a hassle-free, diligent-less form of ‘privilege’ called Reservation.

To terminate this write-up in a sentence, the society and netizens should attempt to incentivize and impel (if willing) the women section to be intrigued and get involved in the country’s political affairs, rather than being entitled to a provision that is meant to further depreciate them and in supplementary, bridge this gender gap further in the orthodox Indian society.

The bloody war of “caste based reservation”

Intrepid Talks
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The bloody war of “caste based reservation”

First Jats in Haryana, then Patidars aka Patels in Gujarat, and now the Marathas in Maharashtra are demanding caste-based reservations.

Damaging public properties and creating ruckus

Particularly in Haryana, where the agitation turned into a caste feud between the Jats and non-Jats, resulting in huge loss of property, roughly worth Rs 35,000 crore.

Violent protests

Some of the recently leading protests and demanding caste-based reservations across India are:

• Patidars in Gujarat

The Patidar movement in Gujarat, too went in the same direction in Haryana. The movement led by Hardik Patel turned violent.

Agitators pelting stones

In July 2015, the protest which began on a peaceful manner took an ugly turn when Police tried to arrest Hardik in a mid-night raid. At least eleven people were killed in various police crackdowns.

Protest

• Marathas in Maharashtra

Marathas too are demanding reservation through their massive yet silent marches across Maharashtra.

Huge rallies for protest causing traffic jam and other chaos

• Gurjars in Rajasthan

The Gurjar community held a 10-day protest in May 2015 demanding reservation. Thousands of Gujjar community members blocked railway tracks for days, bringing train traffic to a halt.

Protesters damaging rail-tracks

The community had organised similar protests in 2008, and 2010 led by Kirori Singh Bainsla, who, despite several rounds of talk with government, couldn’t reach any agreement.

Protest on the rail tracks often witnessed

In 2008, the Gurjar demand for inclusion in ST category was marred by their clashes with Meena who are major beneficiary of resevation given to category.

• The Kapus in Andhra Pradesh

The Kapu community in Andhra Pradesh has been demanding OBC status for nearly three decades.

Creating huge public losses

Kapus claim that they were classified as BC until 1960, when their status was changed and quota benefits revoked.

Other than these communities …many small and large groups across the country have also raised similar demands for reservation in different categories. However, with such high demands, governments are in a predicament as the Supreme Court has put a cap of 50 per cent on reservations. In most of the states the limit has already reached and the government can’t accommodate any new group into the SC/ OBC category.

How defense forces have changed

PANKAJ JAYSWAL
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How defense forces have changed

Neighbors are very important for any country to maintain peace, harmony and make inroads for social and economic development. Unfortunately, India is surrounded by a country like Pakistan which believes in terrorism, cross border infiltration and religious extremism and China which believes in expansion of a territory by whatever means possible and creating social unrest by training and providing arms and ammunition to naxalites.

So to counter these two countries India should be ready on both the fronts simultaneously, having adverse situations, disadvantage of geographic location at many places and adverse environmental conditions. Cross border terrorism by Pakistan and China’s support to naxalism in India and misadventures at the border by both the countries, has led to a strong need of tactical and technologically advanced Defense Forces for India.
Though our armed forces are strong and has shown their capabilities from the beginning, they were not developed/provided with technological advancements time to time and proper support for living at the border areas due to poor political will. Even in such worst conditions, our armed forces are securing our borders and country from all sides with strong determination.

What changed in last 6 years?
A War Reserved Stock (WRS) also known as free positioned stock was just for seven to ten days even for a short intense war before 2014. We were not in a position to handle even a short intense war due to insufficient stock of arms and ammunitions to take care of our borders, this situation continued till 2017, however consecutive steps to make our forces strong by Modi government led to big transformation after year 2017 with concrete steps, supportive policy decisions, empowering defense forces in decision making and providing huge finances, OROP.

Today, we are having 20 days arms and ammunition reserved for short intense War. Even we are capable of long and intense War for 10 days. We have to keep ourselves ready for both the fronts, China and Pakistan. So the strategy adopted by our armed forces and government is to tackle both the countries simultaneously even if that situation arises, ammunition stocks ranging from rockets and missiles to high-caliber tanks and artillery shells are inducted or being developed for a full-blown War for over ten days with an eventual aim to have adequate stock piles in place to last for 40 days.

The earlier huge deficiencies in several types of critical ammunition have already been substantially plugged. The more thrust is given on indigenous production of Defense arms and ammunition to reduce imports and to become a export oriented country. We have achieved that in a big way and still working on it to add more and more export capabilities from fighter aircrafts and heavy artillery to anti-submarine aircrafts and stealth frigates. We are developing and Manufacturing many defense armaments in India under Prime Minister Modi’s Flagship initiative “Make In India” with the help of DRDO, technology transfer and companies like TATA, L&T and so on. India’s Armed forces are being strengthened like never before and facilities at the border has been improved especially in the remote and inhospitable areas.

There is a big list of arms and ammunition purchased from different countries and developed and manufactured indigenously by Modi government in last six years. So the spending on the Armed Forces is very high compared to the earlier government’s expenditure.
• Rafale fighter jets 36
• P8I aircrafts
• Navy frigates
• Weapon locating radars
• Smerch rockets
• Barak sta missiles
• Apache helicopters
• MI 17 helicopters
• Mine counter measure vessels
• Akash Missiles
• Chinook helicopters
• Kamov Ka-226 helicopters
• Ultra light Howitzers
• LRSAM
• BVRAAM
• AEW&C
• MALE UAV
• ATAGS
• Tejas aircrafts
• INS Kochi
• INS Kalvari
• Varunastra
• Mareech
• INS Astradharini
• Bramhos integrated with Sukhoi Su -30
• 32 hawks
• HTT 40 aircraft
• Dhanush Artillery gun system

These are some of the arms and ammunition but the list goes on. Many equipments are under manufacturing or partially or fully delivered.

This has strengthened our Armed Forces to counter on both the fronts. So if we see this counter mechanism developed over these last six years has created panic in our enemy countries knowing that India is also powerful to tackle any situation and can answer to any mis- adventure by both the countries. India has already shown the muscle and power in Doklam, Galwan and other conflicting situations arised at the border during the last six years. So this has strengthened our position significantly in the Global scenario.

So some people are crying on petrol and diesel prices, I request them to look into these aspects where security of our country should be our main concern and if security of a country is comprised then the country will see worst days in future. So rather than crying for all these petty things. Let’s see it with a broader vision and support government for their initiatives for strengthening our country and moving towards making it a global superpower.

हिंदी फिल्म राज़ी एवं आम कश्मीरी मुस्लिम का भारत से प्यार

Gireeraaj
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हिंदी फिल्म राज़ी एवं आम कश्मीरी मुस्लिम का भारत से प्यार

आज हिंदी फिल्म राज़ी देखकर दिमाग में कई बड़े सवाल खड़े हो गए। एक आम कश्मीरी मुस्लिम व्यापारी (हर हिंदुस्तानी एक है पर यहाँ की जरुरत की वजह से मुस्लिम शब्द काम ले रहा हूँ) भारत के लिए जासूसी करता था। उसने अपने देश से प्यार के लिए अपनी बेटी की शादी अपने दोस्त (पाक आर्मी के बड़े अधिकारी) के बेटे से सिर्फ इसलिए कर दी की वो भी अपने देश के लिए जासूसी करे। बेटी ने भी पिता की इच्छा के अनुसार अपना वैवाहिक जीवन, पति एवं सब को दाव पर लगा कर पूरी शिद्दत से सिर्फ देश के लिए जासूसी करती रही। यह बात ज्यादा पुरानी नहीं बस 1971 की है (आजादी के कई साल बाद)।

पर पाकिस्तान, कश्मीर एवं देश के राजनेताओ, कुछ देश द्रोहियो की वजह से आज कश्मीर की हालत यह है की बच्चे सैनिको के पत्थर मारते है, कश्मीर आतंक की की आग में जल रहा है एवं बाकि हम सब जानते है। आम कश्मीरी के दिल से वह प्यार, मोहब्बत, देशभक्ति, भारत से प्यार न जाने कहा चला गया और वो अब, कैसे लोट कर आएगा।

मैं हर उस देश प्रेमी को इस बारे में सोचने एवं काम करने के लिए आमंत्रित करता हूँ।

जय हिन्द

होलिका दहन से बैक्टीरिया और वायरस खत्म होते हैं

vivekji
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होलिका दहन से बैक्टीरिया और वायरस खत्म होते हैं

मौसम ठंडे से गर्म होने लगता है। ऐसे में शरीर में थकान और सुस्ती महसूस होने लगती है। और शरीर आलसी हो जाता है। अलसपन को भगाने के लिए लोग फाग के इस मौसम में धूमधाम से होली मनाते हैं और होली की मस्ती में गाना-बजाना और जोर से बोलने से सुस्ती दूर होती है।

होलिका दहन से बैक्टीरिया और वायरस खत्म होते हैं।

इस बार होली के समय कोरोना बाइरस के कारण  लाकडाउन लगा हुआ है। ऐसे में कई जगह की सरकारे सामूहिक  होली खेलने तथा जलाने  में प्रतिबंध लगा रही हैं। कोरोना महामारी के चलते कुछ हद तक प्रतिबंध लगाना अनुचित नही होगा, लेकिन सरकार को होली मनाने के पीछे की बैज्ञनिकता और फायदा को समझना चाहिए और होलिका दहन करने बालों की सहायता करनी चाहिए।

क्योंकि जब होलिका जलाई जाती है तो उसका तापमान (150-170 डिग्री फॉरेनहाइट) तक बढ़ जाता है। परंपरा के अनुसार जब लोग जलती होलिका में लौंग, इलायची, गरी, आदि डालकर परिक्रमा करते हैं तो होलिका से निकलने वाला ताप शरीर और आसपास के पर्यावरण में मौजूद बैक्टीरिया को नष्ट कर देता है और इस प्रकार यह शरीर तथा पर्यावरण को स्वच्छता प्रदान करता है।

प्राकृतिक रंग शरीर में स्फूर्ति‍ लाते हैं-

एक साइंटिफिक थ्योरी कहती है कि हमारा शरीर अलग-अलग रंगों से बना हुआ है और इस थ्योरी के मुताबिक मॉर्डन लाइफस्टाइल से हमारे शरीर में कई तरह के रंगों की कमी हो जाती है। तो इस कमी को दूर करने के लिये रंगों की होली खेलना शरीर के लिए फायदेमंद होता है लेकिन हमे इस बात का ध्यान जरूर देना होगा कि हमें बाजार वाले केमिकल युक्त रंग और गुलाल के इस्तेमाल से बचना होगा क्योंकि ये रंग गुलाल नुकसानदायक होते हैं। इन बाजार वाले केमिकल युक्त रंगो के बजाये फूलों का रंग तथा हल्दी का रंग बनाकर उपयोग करने पर ही लाभदायक होगा।

होली के त्योहार  को रंगों का त्योहार कहा जाता है ।हमारे देश में तथा हमारे सनातन धर्म में विविध प्रकार के त्योहारों को मनाये जाने की प्रथा बहुत पहले से रही है।

होली पर्व मनाने के पीछे भले ही पौराणिक कथाओं के अनुसार बुराई पर अच्छाई की जीत का प्रतीक हो, लेकिन इसे मनाने का वैज्ञानिक महत्व भी है। इनको जानना बहुत आवश्यक है। तो चलिये जानते हैं होली त्योहार मनाये जाने के पीछे का महत्तव और गर्व करे अपने सनातन धर्म पर। वैसे तो हमारे सनातन परम्परा व मान्यतायें में इतनी बैज्ञानिकता है कि इनमे किसी भी प्रकार के बैज्ञानिक प्रमाण की आवश्यकता नहीं है ।लेकिन फिर भी यदि बैज्ञानिको की मानें तो होली का त्योहार ऐसे समय में मनाया जाता है जब मौसम अपना कलेवर बदलता है।

मौसम ठंडे से गर्म होने लगता है। ऐसे में शरीर में थकान और सुस्ती महसूस होने लगती है। और शरीर आलसी हो जाता है। अलसपन को भगाने के लिए लोग फाग के इस मौसम में धूमधाम से होली मनाते हैं और होली की मस्ती में गाना-बजाना और जोर से बोलने से सुस्ती दूर होती है।

होलिका दहन से बैक्टीरिया खत्म होते हैं।

इस बार होली के समय कोरोना बाइरस के कारण  लाकडाउन लगा हुआ है ।ऐसे में कई जगह की सरकारे सामूहिक  होली खेलने तथा जलाने  में प्रतिबंध लगा रही हैं। कोरोना महामारी के चलते कुछ हद तक प्रतिबंध लगाना अनुचित नही होगा, लेकिन सरकार को होली मनाने के  पीछे की बैज्ञनिकता और फायदा  को समझना चाहिए  और होलिका दहन करने बालों की सहायता करनी चाहिए।

क्योंकि जब होलिका जलाई जाती है तो उसका तापमान (150-170 डिग्री फॉरेनहाइट) तक बढ़ जाता है। परंपरा के अनुसार जब लोग जलती होलिका में लौंग, इलायची, गरी, आदि डालकर परिक्रमा करते हैं तो होलिका से निकलने वाला ताप शरीर और आसपास के पर्यावरण में मौजूद बैक्टीरिया को नष्ट कर देता है और इस प्रकार यह शरीर तथा पर्यावरण को स्वच्छता प्रदान करता है।

प्राकृतिक रंग शरीर में स्फूर्ति‍ लाते हैं-

एक साइंटिफिक थ्योरी कहती है कि हमारा शरीर अलग-अलग रंगों से बना हुआ है और इस थ्योरी के मुताबिक मॉर्डन लाइफस्टाइल से हमारे शरीर में कई तरह के रंगों की कमी हो जाती है। तो इस कमी को दूर करने के लिये रंगों की होली खेलना शरीर के लिए फायदेमंद होता है लेकिन हमे इस बात का ध्यान जरूर देना होगा कि हमें बाजार वाले केमिकल युक्त रंग और गुलाल के इस्तेमाल से बचना होगा क्योंकि ये रंग गुलाल नुकसानदायक होते हैं। इन बाजार वाले केमिकल युक्त रंगो के बजाये फूलों का रंग तथा हल्दी का रंग बनाकर उपयोग करने पर ही लाभदायक होगा ।।

Being blinkered to women’s rights in the 21st century

shivangi
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Being blinkered to women’s rights in the 21st century

Since ages, the world has witnessed men being oppressive to women’s freedom and augmented participation in the society. In this 21st century there are countries who have combated this long age patriarchy and women are no inferior to men and then there is another clump of countries who are constantly trying to defy women’s rights and repudiate gender equality.

As Turkey withdraws from European Treaty to protect women from domestic violence and punish the criminals, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has yet shown his insularity towards women rights.

It’s stupefying that Mr. Recep Erdogan thinks that women and men are not equal by nature. His misogyny is undeniably evident in his speech during a ceremony in August where he formally took over from predecessor Abdullah Gul. He portrayed women as delicate, weak and powerless and limiting their role to motherhood.
That was the moment women voters must be ruing that moment when they pressed the button to vote for him.

Declaration of Erdoğan that every woman in Turkey should have three children and with proposals to limit abortion rights, the morning-after pill and banning caesarean sections have reduced the existence of women as a mere reproductive being.

Erdoğan showcased his chauvinism by lashing out at Zaman, without mentioning the female journalist directly by name, at an election rally in the eastern city of Malatya, calling her a “shameless woman”.
“A militant in the guise of a journalist, a shameless woman… Know your place!” he declared.

His contemplation is just another instance of men whose only accomplishment is being a man and that’s the sole reason they legitimise violence against women.

Withdrawing Turkey from The Istanbul Convention which aims to ‘prevent, prosecute and eliminate’ domestic violence and crimes against women is an intimation to men of Turkey to dominate and quell women.

Turkey has gained an outrage against this act within and outside the borders of the country, but the principle of male supremacy still presides over the mind of Turkey’s President.

Several thousand people demonstrated in Turkey to call on President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to reverse his decision to abandon a treaty on combating violence against women “Annul your decision, apply the treaty!” chanted thousands of women and men gathered in Istanbul’s Kadiköy district. The demonstrators held up portraits of murdered women and placards, including one which read: “It’s the women who will win this war”.
Turkey’s history is evident, women have always won the war, from increasing access to education, paid work and to the abolition of Polygamy, women of Turkey have fought it all.

It’s ludicrous to believe that it’s the 21st century going on and rulers of the countries are still swapping the cards between men and women instead of regarding them as a human being.

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