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Does the crisis in Ukraine foreshadow a broader war?

Ukraine’s president said on Sunday that his country was ready for peace talks with Russia but not in Belarus, which was a staging ground for Moscow’s 3-day-old invasion. Speaking in a video message Sunday, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy named Warsaw, Bratislava, Istanbul, Budapest or Baku as alternative venues. He said other locations are also possible but made clear that Ukraine doesn’t accept Russia’s selection of Belarus.

The Kremlin said Sunday that a Russian delegation had arrived in the Belarusian city of Homel for talks with Ukrainian officials. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said the delegation includes military officials and diplomats. “The Russian delegation is ready for talks, and we are now waiting for the Ukrainians,” Peskov said. Russia invaded Ukraine on Thursday, with troops moving from Moscow’s ally Belarus in the north, and also from the east and south.

Russian troops move into Kharkiv

Russian soldiers have moved into the focal point of Kharkiv, a city in upper east Ukraine. City Head of Police Volodymyr Tymoshko cautioned inhabitants to remain inside.

“It is very hazardous in the city of the city now, “He said through Wire. Because of the little gatherings of the adversary who broke into the city, battling proceeds.”

Russian forces blow up gas pipeline in Kharkiv, Ukrainian officials say

Long range rockets struck the city of Vasylkiv, south of Kyiv, and an oil plant was ablaze, the chairman said as a Russian assault in the nation went on for a fourth day.”All of you can see what’s going on this moment, you see the fire,” Vasylkiv City chairman Natalia Balasinovich said in a video message.

Alexey Kuleba, top of the organization in Kyiv Oblast, said on Facebook that the rocket strike caused a fire at the oil warehouse in the town of Kryachky, right outside of Vasylkiv.Battling was continuous and kept crisis administrations from dousing the fire, as per Kuleba. “We are at risk for a biological fiasco. We do all that could be within reach to forestall this!” he said in the articulation.

A much needed rest in Kyiv

Something like 150,000 individuals have escaped Ukraine into Poland and other adjoining nations following the Russian intrusion, the U.N. evacuee organization said Saturday.

A few strolled numerous miles during that time while others escaped via train, vehicle or transport, shaping lines miles long at line intersections. They were welcomed by holding up family members and companions or headed all alone to gathering focuses coordinated by adjoining state run administrations.”The numbers and the circumstance is changing moment by minute,” said Joung-ah Ghedini-Williams, a representative for the U.N. High Official for Displaced people.

“Somewhere around 150,000 individuals have escaped, they are displaced people outside of Ukraine. … Something like 100,000 individuals – yet presumably a lot bigger number – have been uprooted inside Ukraine.”The office expects up to 4 million Ukrainians could escape assuming that the circumstance crumbles further.

Those showing up were for the most part ladies, kids and the older after Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy restricted men of military age from 18 to 60 from leaving. A few Ukrainian men were going once more into Ukraine from Poland to wage war against the Russian powers.

‘Expenditure Tax’ in place of Income Tax : Indeed a block-buster reform

Like myself, many other tax payers may be getting Bronze, Silver or even Gold Certificate issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) every year towards payment of Personal Income Tax (PIT).  But getting that Certificate is not free of any hassles. One has to be very meticulous in paying the requisite income tax as also file the returns called the Income Tax Returns (ITRs). 

Now, given to understand that there is a blockbuster reform in the offing whereby stakeholders’ suggestions are sought in the run-up to finalise the annual budget for 2022-23 by the Finance Ministry to bring about a shift in income tax to tax payable based on expenditure done. It is believed such a shift in tax base might definitely reduce the extravagant consumption and also contribute to increase in savings. It is indeed high time to think of an out-of-the-box initiative on this front which will prove a blockbuster reform. 

There are many countries such as the UAE, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Brunei Darussalam, etc. to name a few, where the people of those countries are not required to pay Income Tax but instead only contribute towards the social security. In India, while majority of the people are paying minuscule amount as tax owing to their income but are still coerced into filing their respective ITRs.   Most of the income tax paying class is the salaried middle class and for whom the taxes are deducted as TDS meaning, Tax Deducted at Source and hence such people cannot even think of evading paying tax for obvious reasons. The salaried class pays the tax on the income earned and after compulsory deduction of TDS, spends the net income for their livelihood, whereas the non-salaried classes spend money under various other heads of expenditure and thus reduce their overall tax liability.

As per statistics, there are around four lakh people with annual income more than Rs. 20 lakh and which constitutes one per cent of the tax base and account for 63% of the income taxes collected with a tax paying base of about 1.5 crore people. Basically, there are around 4 Crore such pay payers and lakhs of them may be from Dwarka sub city even. This proposed initiative should be a ‘welcome step’ in the sense that tax should obviously be payable on the expenditure made by individuals instead of grossly taxing purely based on one’s income or pension amount which seems rather unjustified. It is a common sense that an individual who is capable of spending more should naturally be taxed on his expenditure front, rather than an individual who believes in savings and no way both categories should be treated at par as far as payment of income tax is concerned. For the ordinary tax payer, there is in fact a sort of multiple taxation, as he/she is paying income tax as well as tax on his/her savings, apart from the Goods and Services Tax on every purchases, tax on utilities, other municipal taxes, etc. 

The rates of such proposed tax based on expenditure front called the Expenditure Tax should be made steeply progressive to tax the rich heavily as also compel one to go for savings and thereby curtail unnecessary or extravagant expenditure. If Personal Income Tax (PIT) is done away with, not only more than 6 Crore people will have freedom from the burden of submitting the annual ITRs for which now the last date has further been extended from 31st December 2021 till 31st March 2022 but even the organizations complying with the TDS will also be free from the burden of collecting, remitting and submitting various returns if PIT is shelved. The option of replacing income tax with expenditure tax that is shift from the income base to expenditure base for tax purposes will be a blockbuster reform with immense potential to provide a fillip to the economy.

आखिर रूस ने क्‍यों यूक्रेन पर क्‍यों किया हमला, क्या है पूरा मामला?

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सोवियत संघ के विघटन के दौरान जो देश रूस से अलग हुए थे उनमें एक यूक्रेन भी था। आज दोनों के बीच युद्ध की स्थिति है। रूस और यूक्रेन का विवाद अब एक युद्ध का रूप ले चुका है। पूरी दुनिया की नजरें इन दोनों देशों के अलावा यूरोप और अमेरिका पर भी लगी हुई हैं।

रूस के विघटन के बाद जो देश अलग हुए थे उनमें यूक्रेन भी एक था। रूस के साथ में उस वक्‍त क्रीमिया भी था जिसको वर्ष 2014 में रूस ने आजाद कर अपने नियंत्रण में ले लिया था। इसके अलावा यूक्रेन के डोनबास, लुहांस्‍क और डोनेस्‍तक में रूसी समर्थकों बहुसंख्‍यक हैं। यूक्रेन के बाहर की बात करें तो बेलारूस, जार्जिया पूरी तरह से रूस के साथ हैं। इसका अर्थ ये भी है कि यूक्रेन रूस से पूरी तरह से घिरा हुआ है। अब हम उन कारणों की बात करते हैं जिसकी वजह से रूस को यूक्रेन पर हमले का कदम उठाना पड़ा है।

इसकी सबसे बड़ी वजह अमेरिका द्वारा यूक्रेन को नाटो (NATO) संगठन में शामिल करने की कवायद है। अमेरिका के वर्चस्‍व वाले इस संगठन में 30 देश शामिल हैं जिनमें से अधिकतर यूरोप के ही हैं। हालांकि इसमें सबसे अधिक जवान अमेरिका के ही हैं। रूस पर दबाव बनाने और अपने पुराने विवादों के कारण अमेरिका लगातार इस तरह की कवायद करता रहा है। अमेरिका पहले से ही रूस पर प्रतिबंध लगाकर उसको दबाव में लाने की कवायद कर चुका है। हालांकि उसकी ये चाल अब तक काम नहीं आई थी। अब वो यूक्रेन के सहारे इस काम को करना चाहता है। रूस की चिंता ये है कि यदि यूक्रेन नाटो के साथ चला जाता है तो उसकी सेना और उसके हथियारों के दम पर अमेरिका उसको नुकसान पहुंचाने में आशिंक रूप से सफल हो सकता है।

इस हमले की दूसरी वजह अमेरिका और पश्चिमी-यूरोपीय देशों का नार्ड स्‍ट्रीम 2 पाइपलाइन पर रोक लगाना भी शामिल है। आपको बता दें कि रूस ने इस परियोजना पर अरबों डालर का खर्च किया है। रूस इसके जरिये फ्रांस, जर्मनी समेत समूचे यूरोप में गैस और तेल की सप्‍लाई करना चाहता है। इससे पहले ये सप्‍लाई जिस पाइपलाइन के जरिए होती थी वो यूक्रेन से जाती थी। इसके लिए रूस हर वर्ष लाखों डालर यूक्रेन को अदा करता था। नई पाइपलाइन के बन जाने से यूक्रेन की कमाई खत्‍म हो जाएगी। यूक्रेन के रूस से अलगाव की एक बड़ी वजह में ये भी शामिल है।

तीसरी वजह ये है कि रूस नहीं चाहता है यूक्रेन किसी भी तरह से अमेरिका के साथ जाए। इसकी एक बड़ी वजह ये भी है कि रूस का यूक्रेन से भावनात्‍मक रिश्‍ता है। रूस की नींव यूक्रेन की धरती से ही रखी गई थी। रूस की पहचान यूराल पर्वतश्रंख्‍ला भी यूक्रेन से ही होकर गुजरती है। अमेरिका और रूस के बीच का विवाद काफी लंबे समय से है। शीत युद्ध के बाद भी स्थितियां बदली नहीं हैं। वहीं दूसरी तरफ रूस की शक्ति को नजरअंदाज नहीं किया जा सकता है। रूस केवल इतना ही चाहता है उसका मान कायम रहे और उसको बदनाम न किया जाए।

Ukraine crisis has a message for secessionists in Indian subcontinent

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On twitter, #WorldWar3 is trending since last couple of days. Russia is annexing Ukraine in itself. World is witnessing an obvious act of nationalism taking on globalism. The most interesting fact is that the working age population is witnessing this clean case of territorial consolidation for the first time. I am sure the theories of cyber-warfare, info-warfare, blood-less warfare etc are facing questions on their competency to alter or replace the traditional hard war. The revisit by a strong power to the first fundamental is giving a hard time to all alternative ideas. The personal conclusions will leave a deep impact in the planning of individuals about their lives. And the same is most likely to be leaning towards conservatism. Youth are the main stakeholders in it. And that’s how it is a direct long-lasting challenge to the globalization which is anchored by global-north.

There was an age when the global common was to be a dominion of British Crown. When people revolted, the criteria was changed to be in line with the British crown or similar power centres. United States chose economy as the lense to draw the global common. Hence, majority of the world is in a rat race of being knowledge economy. And perhaps, that is the root of the confidence for President Joe Biden to make a statement that US will make sure that Russia does not grow on its weapon technology. But at the same time, he could not do anything to stop the war waged by President Putin. Striking fact of the episode is that the whole world was well informed in advance about the timing of attack by the Russian forces on Ukraine and yet it got shocked when the attack happened. Now that gives so many messages to various stakeholder in the global security framework.

Ukrainian government is pleading help from all the major powers of the world except China. But all have extended nothing other than words. And it seems that by the time, EU and USA reach to a consensus of making an intervention, Ukraine will have become a part of Russia. The Ukrainian envoy in India made a strong shout out for help and his words were, I quote, “India should fully assume its global role”. Post which we witnessed that the Cabinet Committee on Security convened under the chairmanship of Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi. But, the question is why did it not convene before that pleading?

And the more striking development is that PM Modi had a phone call with Russian president and underlined that war should be stopped immediately and parties should go to negotiation table. He completely ignored Ukraine – well, there is a historical followup for that decision. Moreover, the world witnessed a rare moment where India stood with China and abstained to vote on the motion of USA against Russia in the UNSC. Following which, interestingly, the State Department of USA made a stunning statement, and I quote “We share important interests with India. We share important values with India. And we know India has a relationship with Russia that is distinct from the relationship that we have with Russia. Of course, that is okay”. This whole development has a strong message for the separatists or secessionists in the south Asian region especially when it comes to Indian subcontinent.

Everybody wants to marry with sovereignty. But, its a fact that it is harder to maintain sovereignty than to earn it. And the increasing dominance of bigger powers, even if we don’t like, is driving the world towards being the “Big-guys’ game”. It eventually means a complete control of few big nations over the whole world. Rather than being a fight for resources, it has become a fight of identity. Now when we zoom into the recent incidents in Indian subcontinent, multiple disruptions seem to be having roots in the similar cult. The presence of Sikh secessionists in farmers agitation, bloody murders by Kashmiri secessionists in Jammu and Kashmir despite a strong control of Government of India, activities of Tamil separatists from time to time, secessionist activities in the north-eastern states and religious secessionists playing cards in various regions are some of the vital ones. The stance by PM Modi to not go against Russia in this act of retaliation to a new kind secessionism by Ukraine, despite having a deeply romantic relationship with USA must sends an electric curent to all the secessionists. 

Technically, the presence of India in Global order is revamped and it has been underlined strongly during COVID pandemic. One can’t ignore a nation which is the 7th biggest in its size in the world and having a strong legitimacy of running a reasonably successful democracy like no other. It would not be an exaggeration to identify India as an Island of success when we take other nations through the test of democracy on this planet. And, the major point to note here is that, despite democracy and human rights now being more norms than exceptions, the Government of India perhaps has done away with the identity of being just a soft power. The Minister of External affairs, Dr. S. Jaishankar wrote in his book named The India Way, and I quote, “In contemporary parlance, the expression ‘soft-state’ describes a nation’s inability or unwillingness to do what is necessary.”

There cannot be a more clear expression about the change in the vector of building India’s flesh. Repeated assertions in Indian parliament by the current establishment underlining commitment of the annexation of Pakistan Occupied Jammu and Kashmir adds to the expression. Hence, it is clear that the Office of the Prime Minister, Office of the Minister of External Affairs and Office of Home Minister is absolutely at one page in terms of shaping India’s physical position when it is aligned at its head and heart to rise on global stage.

Morally and politically, there are all chances that the move of giving a clean chit to Russia will be questioned. The strongest base for the same is Article 51(a) of the constitution of India which says that the State will endeavour to promote international peace and security. But it must be noted that the recommendation in the consitution is not exclusive and extreme. The primary responsiblity of the safety and security of Ukrainians was of the establishment of Ukraine. It should have not taken disrectpectful position to Russia if it had no enough strength to defend its position. And the constitution of India recommends in Article 51(b) for the State to endeavour to maintain just and honourable relations between nations.

The word ‘just’ has been placed before the word ‘honourable’ and that makes the government of India to strive for justice in the global order. It simply cannot be blackmailed by the vulnerablity of Ukraine in the name of human rights and do injustice with Russian population. Amidst a paradigm where nations are drunk with expansionism supported secessionism, India can’t go for an indecisive trip. Somewhere it has to take clear stance. In this case, it has choosen to honour its interest which is based on mutual respect and consistent support.

It should not be taken otherwise. India’s rise has been slower and has to navigate through difficult waters. And to keep the journey on, it is left with no option other than demonstrating global relevance. For which, it will leave no space or softness for any organized group of individuals, big or small, to disrespect its position. It is natural for any power which transits its position from being ‘a part of multilateralism’ to being ‘a pole in multipolarism’. With the advent and realisation of the idea of Atmanirbhar Bharat, the honeymoon period of globalization seems to be setting up and so is the period of multilateralism in India’s case. The world should not be surprised if India uses iron-fist to enforce its interest like the other ‘Big-guys’ and the same message must be noted by the secessionists having eyes on various parts of it.

हमारा संविधान खतरे में है, हमें संविधान को बचाना है

मित्रों जैसा की आप और हम वर्ष २०१४ से लगातार अपने देश में एक शोर सुन रहे हैं, खासकर विपक्ष का हर नेता और उनकी पार्टी का हर कार्यकर्ता चीख चीख कर जनता को बता रहे हैं कि “हमारा संविधान खतरे में है, हमें संविधान को बचाना है”। अब प्रश्न ये है विपक्षी नेता और उनकी पार्टी के कार्यकर्ताओ को ही केवल दिखाई दे रहा है की “संविधान खतरे में है” पर आम जनता को तो जैसे लगता है इसमें कोई दिलचस्पी ही नहीं है या फिर वो अच्छी तरह समझती है की संविधान खतरे में नहीं बल्कि भ्रष्टो का भ्रष्टाचार खतरे में है, लुटेरों का लूट खसोट खतरे में है, माफियाओ की माफियागिरी खतरे में है, गुंडों की गुंडागर्दी, दंगाइयों के दंगे फसाद, हुड़दंगियों का हुड़दंग और दलालो की दलाली खतरे में है।

दरअसल संविधान तो केवल दो बार खतरे में आया (१) जब जम्मू कश्मीर में अनुच्छेद ३७० और ३५ अ लगाकर उसे भारत से अलग कर दिया गया जबकि उसके विकास के लिए पूरा पैसा भारत से भेजा जाता था और वंहा अपना विधान और अपना निशान दे दिया गया (२) जब देश पर आपातकाल थोपकर संविधान में ४२ व संसोधन करके उसके उद्देशिका में चोरी छुपे “सेक्यलर और सोशल” शब्द डाल दिया गया।

आइये देखते है वर्ष १९४७ से लेकर  अब तक राज्य की चुनी हुई व्यवस्था को संविधान का सहारा लेकर किप्रकार अवैधानिकता से बरखास्त कर दिया गया

मित्रों संविधान का अनुच्छेद ३५६ बहुत ही बदनाम अनुच्छेद है अरे कहने का अर्थ ये है की इस अनुच्छेद का नेहरू से लेकर मनमोहन सिंह तक इतनी बार दुरुपयोग किया गया है की इसके हिस्से में बदनामी यूँ ही आ गयी जबकि ये लोकतंत्र को मजबूती देने के लिए बनाया गया था। अनुच्छेद ३५६ अर्थात राज्य में राष्ट्र्रपति साशन।

आमतौर पर, राष्ट्रपति शासन तब लगाया जाता है जब जनता द्वारा चुनी गयी किसी राज्य की राज्य सरकार अपना बहुमत खो देती है या सत्तारूढ़ दल के भीतर विभाजन या गठबंधन सहयोगी द्वारा समर्थन वापस लेने की स्थिति में वो अल्पमत में आ जाती है। पर आपको ऐसे उदाहरण भी मिलेंगे, विशेष रूप से १९७० और १९८० के दशक में, जहां राज्य सरकारों को विधानसभा में बहुमत होने के बावजूद बर्खास्त कर दिया गया। चुनाव के बाद के परिदृश्य की स्थिति में राष्ट्रपति शासन भी लागू होता है, जहां कोई भी दल या गठबंधन नई सरकार बनाने की स्थिति में नहीं होता है। ऐसी स्थितियां भी हैं जहां एक मुख्यमंत्री ने अदालतों द्वारा अयोग्यता या अरविंद केजरीवाल के मामले में फरवरी २०१४  में जन लोकपाल विधेयक पारित करने में विफल रहने जैसे विभिन्न कारणों से अपना इस्तीफा दे दिया है। इसके अलावा, राज्य के भीतर मौजूदा (अक्सर बिगड़ती) कानून व्यवस्था की स्थिति पर भी विचार किया जाता है। इसमें अलगाववादी विद्रोह (पंजाब, जम्मू और कश्मीर, पूर्वोत्तर राज्य), जातीय संघर्ष (असम, त्रिपुरा) और सांप्रदायिक दंगे (उत्तर प्रदेश) के कारण हिंसा शामिल हैं।

संविधान के निर्माता भारतीय राजनीति की प्रकृति, चाल, चलन और चरित्र का अनुमान करने में सक्षम नहीं थे, अत: उनको ये कल्पना भी नहीं थी की संविधान को केवल एक विशेष राजनीतिक दल को लाभ पहुंचाने के लिए संशोधित (अमेंड) किया जा सकता है या किया जायेगा। विडंबना (आईरोनिक) यह है कि संविधान लागू होने के एक वर्ष पश्चात ही १९५१  में, अनुच्छेद ३५६ का दुरुपयोग  नेहरू के नेतृत्व वाली कांग्रेस सरकार ने पंजाब के तत्कालीन मुख्यमंत्री गोपीचंद भार्गव को बर्खास्त कर दिया था, वो भी जब उनके पास राज्य में बहुमत थी और उनकी विफलता की कोई स्थिति नहीं थी। नेहरू ने एक बार  फिर से, १९५४  में, आंध्र प्रदेश की चुनी हुई सरकार को उखाड़ फेंका था क्योंकि केंद्र सरकार को राज्य पर एक कम्युनिस्ट शासन की संभावना की आशंका व्याप्त थी।

अनुच्छेद ३५६ को भारतीय संविधान में शामिल किया गया था ताकि केंद्र सरकार संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता के कारण कानून और व्यवस्था की गड़बड़ी जैसी गंभीर परिस्थितियों से राज्यों की रक्षा कर सके, क्योंकि भारत जैसे बड़े देश में ऐसी स्थिति के बढ़ने की संभावना हमेशा बनी रहती है। अनुच्छेद ३५६ के आधार पर दी गई असाधारण शक्ति राज्यों को उनकी चुनी हुई सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकने के लिए नहीं, बल्कि उन्हें बचाने के लिए थी।

जैसा कि हम सब जानते हैं कि, “संघीय ढांचा भारतीय संविधान की मूल संरचना का एक हिस्सा है” और जनता द्वारा किसी राज्य की चुनी हुई राज्य सरकार की  व्यवस्था को उखाड़ फेंकने और विधानसभा को निलंबित करने का कोई भी अनुचित या मनमाना कार्य संविधान की मूल संरचना और दिए गए अधिनियम में बाधा उत्पन्न करता है अत: इस तरह के कार्य को किसी भी परिस्थिति में बढ़ावा नहीं देना चाहिए।

आइये देखते हैं कि अनुच्छेद ३५६ की मूल प्रकृति और उसका दायरा क्या है?

अनुच्छेद ३५६  की प्रकृति और दायरे का विश्लेषण करे तो हम पाएंगे कि अनुच्छेद ३५६  के दो आवश्यक कारक हैं, जो निम्नवत है:

१) राष्ट्रपति, जोकि हमारे देश का प्रथम नागरिक होता है, सम्बंधित राज्य के राज्यपाल द्वारा भेजी गई रिपोर्ट के आधार पर उक्त राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन लगा सकता है। राष्ट्रपति शासन कई अन्य परिस्थितियों में भी लगाया जा सकता है जो राज्य की रक्षा के लिए मंत्रिपरिषद की सहायता और सलाह पर राष्ट्रपति को संतुष्टिकारक लगता है।

२) दूसरा, जब संवैधानिक तंत्र किसी राज्य में विफल हो जाता है तब उस राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन लागू  किया जा सकता है। संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता उस स्थिति को संदर्भित करती है जब राज्य सरकार संविधान के प्रावधानों का पालन करते हुए अपने कार्यों/दायित्वों को पूरा नहीं कर पा रही है।

किसी राज्य का राज्यपाल, राष्ट्रपति के अधीन कार्य करता है और राष्ट्रपति केंद्र में रह रहे दल से संबंधित मंत्रिपरिषद की सहायता और सलाह पर कार्य करता है, इसलिए, ये माना  जाता  है कि “राज्यपाल द्वारा राष्ट्रपति को प्रेषित की गयी रिपोर्ट के केंद्र में रह रहे दल के हितों और एजेंडे से प्रभावित होने की बहुत अधिक संभावना  रहती है” और १९४७ से लेकर अब तक का भारत का इतिहास इसका साक्षी है। अब अगर हम उदाहरण के तौर पर देखे तो, पीएम के रूप में स्व. श्रीमती इंदिरा गांधी के पास सबसे अधिक बार राष्ट्रपति शासन लगाने का रिकॉर्ड है और ९० % परिस्थितियों में, राष्ट्रपति शासन, स्व. श्रीमती इंदिरा गाँधी जी द्वारा उन राज्यों में लगाया गया था जो विपक्षी दलों द्वारा शासित थे या उन राज्यों में जो उनकी पार्टी के हितों के अनुसार नहीं चल रहे थे।

S.R. Bommai vs Union Of India on 11 March, 1994(1994 AIR 1918, 1994 SCC (3) 1)

भारतीय संविधान कानूनी और सामाजिक दोनों स्वरूप को धारण करने वाला दस्तावेज है। यह देश के शासन के लिए एक मशीनरी प्रदान करता है। इसमें राष्ट्र द्वारा अपेक्षित आदर्श भी शामिल हैं। संविधान द्वारा निर्मित राजनीतिक तंत्र इस आदर्श को प्राप्त करने का एक साधन है।

बोम्मई मामले में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के समक्ष अनुच्छेद ३५६ के दुरुपयोग को लेकर गंभीर सवाल उठाए गए थे। इस मामले में, कर्नाटक के मुख्यमंत्री को राज्यपाल द्वारा फ्लोर टेस्ट में बहुमत साबित करने का मौका देने से पहले बर्खास्त कर दिया गया था और बाद में, राज्य पर राष्ट्रपति शासन लगाया गया था।

अत: उपर्युक्त केस पर निर्णय देते हुए आदरणीय सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की खंड पीठ ने ये कहा कि “अनुच्छेद ३५६ का सूक्ष्म विश्लेषण स्पष्ट रूप से इंगित करता है कि अनुच्छेद ३५६ के प्रावधान द्वारा प्रदत्त शक्ति “राज्यों में संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता के मामले में” प्रयोग करने योग्य है। यह राष्ट्रपति को इस बात से संतुष्ट होने पर शक्ति प्रदान करता है कि, “एक ऐसी स्थिति उत्पन्न हो गई है” जिसमें राज्य की सरकार को संविधान के प्रावधानों के अनुसार ‘नहीं’ चलाया जा सकता है और यह कार्रवाई उसे संबंधित राज्य के राज्यपाल से रिपोर्ट प्राप्त होने पर ही करनी चाहिए या, अन्यथा’, यदि वह संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता के बारे में संतुष्ट है।

अनुच्छेद ३५६  (१ ) राष्ट्रपति को असाधारण शक्तियाँ प्रदान करता है, जिसका उसे संयम से और बड़ी सावधानी के साथ प्रयोग करना चाहिए, यदि वह सरकार की रिपोर्ट से संतुष्ट हो या अन्यथा कि ऐसी स्थिति उत्पन्न हो गई है जिसमें राज्य की सरकार नहीं चलाई जा सकती है संविधान के प्रावधानों के अनुसार। इसमें जुड़े शब्द ‘अन्यथा’ का बहुत व्यापक महत्व है और इसे केवल कानून की अदालतों में साक्ष्य की स्वीकार्यता के लिए प्रासंगिक सिद्धांतों पर परीक्षण करने योग्य सामग्री तक सीमित नहीं किया जा सकता है। अनुच्छेद ३५६ (१) के तहत कार्रवाई करने से पहले राष्ट्रपति के सामने रखी जा सकने वाली सामग्री की प्रकृति के बारे में भविष्यवाणी करना अत्यंत ही मुश्किल है। इसके अलावा, चूंकि राष्ट्रपति से अपनी व्यक्तिपरक संतुष्टि के लिए अपने कारणों को दर्ज करने की उम्मीद नहीं की जाती है, इसलिए न्यायालय के लिए यह पता लगाना भी उतना ही मुश्किल होगा कि उक्त प्रावधान के तहत शक्ति के प्रयोग के लिए राष्ट्रपति को क्या आधार दिए गए।

न्यायालय ने कहा कि आम तौर पर राष्ट्रपति की संतुष्टि संदिग्ध नहीं होती है लेकिन राज्यपाल की रिपोर्ट की जांच राष्ट्रपति की संतुष्टि के आधार का पता लगाने के लिए की जा सकती है।

आइये देखते हैं कि  वर्ष १९५० से लेकर अब तक कांग्रेस ने और विपक्ष ने  कितनी बार अनुच्छेद ३५६ का उपयोग या दुरुपयोग किया :-

१) जवाहर लाल नेहरू इनका कार्यकाल ८ अगस्त १९४७ से लेकर मई १९६४ तक रहा और इन्होने कुल ८ बार अनुच्छेद ३५६ का उपयोग किया।

२) स्व. श्रीमती इंदिरा गाँधी  इनका कार्यकाल जनवरी १९६६ से मार्च १९७७ तक तथा जनवरी १९८० से अक्टूबर १९८४ तक रहा और इस दौरान इन्होने कुल ५० बार अनुच्छेद ३५६ का उपयोग किया |

३) स्व. श्री  राजीव गाँधी, इनका कार्यकालअक्टूबर १९८४ से लेकर दिसंबर १९८९ तक रहा और इस दौरान इन्होने ६ बार अनुच्छेद ३५६ का उपयोग किया।

४) स्व. श्री पी. वी. नरसिम्हाराव, इनका कार्यकाल जून १९९१ से मई १९९६ तक रहा इस दौरान इन्होने ११ बार अनुच्छेद ३५६ का उपयोग किया।

५) मनमोहन सिंह इनका कार्यकाल मई २००४ से मई २०१४ तक रहा और इस दौरान इन्होने १२ बार अनुच्छेद ३५६ का उपयोग किया।

विपक्ष का भी देख लो आप श्री मोरारजी देसाई ने १६ बार, श्री चौधरी चरण सिंह ने ४ बार, वि. पि. सिंह ने २ बार, चंद्रशेखर सिंह ने ५ बार, देवगौड़ा ने  १ बार, स्व. श्री अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी जी ने ५ बार अनुच्छेद ३५६  का उपयोग किया। अब दोस्तों मजे की बात ये है की वर्ष १९५० से लेकर अब तक करीब करीब १२४ बार राष्ट्रपति शासन लगाकर राज्य की सरकारों को बर्खास्त किया जा चूका है और इसमें से करीब ८७ बार अकेले कांग्रेस की सरकार ने  किया तो अब आप समझ सकते हैं की संविधान को बचाने की आवश्यकता किसके शासन काल में अत्यधिक होनी चाहिए।

The statue of equality: A tribute to the revolutionary legend

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WHAT IS STATUE OF EQUALITY?

Statue of Equality also known as Samatha Moorthi is a 216ft statue of an Indian philosopher, the great saint Ramanuja Charya. He is a Vaishnavite, but to the world, he’s known more as a social reformer than a devotee.

WHY IS HE KNOWN FOR EQUALITY?

Sri Bhagavad Ramanuja worked in a revolutionary way for social reform in those days. This extraordinary multifaceted genius brought about many a reform such as unity among all classes and creeds through his revolutionary step by taking Harijans into the temple at Melkote, showing no caste distinctions on the path of God. In the days of considering the lower caste as untouchables, Sri Ramanuja held them by hand, while walking them into temples as equals, Saying anybody can become a Vaishnavite irrespective of the caste.

Ramanuja acharya leading Harijans into the temple

Divulging the Ashtakshari Manthra of Lord Narayana to the world, regardless of consequences or indignities he was to have suffered from his Guru Goshtipurna. Sri Ramanuja stood upon the mandapam of the temple and chanted the mantra aloud in front of a crowd of Harijans and asked them to pass it on.

“If my act of revealing the Manthra, redeems the whole world, from the horrendous clutches of karma, and for that Infernal Hell will be the result, I have absolutely no objection going to that Hell,” said Sri Ramanuja to his Guru.

Presenting 9 treatises on his own, He reformed and systematized the deity worship in all the temples, especially in Srirangam, Tirupati, and protected the Agama System.

Ramanuja reciting Mantras to Harijans

WHY STATUE OF EQULITY?

HH Sri Chinnajeeyar swami says “It is to spread the word of equality throughout the world, which is very much needed these days as many forces outside are trying to disrupt the unity between us. Taking the path of equality, HH Sri ChinnaJeeyar swami continues Sri Ramanuja’s legacy by running schools, hospitals, orphanages, old age homes, and social work for free irrespective of caste, sex, or creed. His trust even runs Veda Vidyalaya where anyone of any identity can join. Even a few schools are opened in places as remote as Allampally which are infested by Naxalites and directed many people into the right path”.

Also Nethra Vidyalaya, a school for the blind is run with high standard equipment and skills.

Nethra college for the Blind

Recently during Sahasrabdi Utsava (inauguration) students from Netra Vidyalaya invented smart devices which are useful for the blind, and are inaugurated by the I&B minister Anurag Thakur.

Nethra students exhibiting their invention to I&B minister Anurag Thakur

As predicted, forces tried to disrupt the Sahasrabdi Utsavas, many missionaries and pseudo institutions tried to project Statue of equality as upper caste protrusion, without even knowing the facts behind it. As many VIPs such as President Ramnath Kovind, PM Modi, VP Venkaiah Naidu, CHM Amit Shah, Telangana CM KCR, Governor, Andhra CM Jagan Mohan Reddy have attended the Sahasrabdi Utsavas, they tried almost every which way to evilize the event. Maybe they didn’t like the idea of ‘Hindus with no differences’ as it doesn’t serve their propaganda.

PM Modi at Sahasrabdi

The Sahasrabdi Utsavas has been celebrated grandly as a gathering of people irrespective of sex, age, caste, creed, and even religion. The people who are employed and volunteered assistance in the Utsavas have transcended the differences.

volunteers helping out in Sahasrabdi Utsavas

As HH Jeeyar said,” this is not just a tourist attraction but a place to spark a thought, bring your kids here and explain to them the legacy behind this, eradicate all the differences between us and create a beautiful world, JAI SRIMANNARAYANA”.

Source: live-report.

The feasibility study for the CEPA is being accelerated by India and Bangladesh

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After a Joint Study Group (JSG) for examining the feasibility of the CEPA submitted its recommendations, India and Bangladesh are expected to start the process of negotiations for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to deepen trade and economic ties during the visit of a high-level team from Bangladesh from March 1-4, 2022.

Over the next several days, the JSG, which includes negotiators and trade experts from both sides, is expected to begin negotiations toward finishing a report that would analyze the treaty’s prospects and make suggestions.

One of the agreements that India prioritizes is the CEPA with Bangladesh. The two sides committed to improve trade during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s March 2021 visit to Bangladesh, and the joint declaration emphasized the need to remove non-tariff obstacles and the need for predictability in trade policies, laws, and processes.

Given the rapidly developing commercial connection, India has a strong economic motivation to pursue the CEPA. India’s Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal stated in November 2021 that the country was aiming to develop a CEPA with Bangladesh.

Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla recently stated that two-way trade has increased dramatically, with exports from Bangladesh projected to surpass USD 2 billion for the first time this year.

During a discussion with a Bangladesh team at the 10th India-Bangladesh Friendship Dialogue, he said, “Early completion of a CEPA is crucial to strengthening this momentum in trade.”

“For the first time, Bangladesh’s exports to India crossed the USD 1 billion mark in 2018-19, a record 52 percent increase over 2017-18,” said Prabir De, Professor, Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), as part of a build-up to increasingly multifaceted cooperation in recent years. Over the previous decade, bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh has gradually increased, propelling Bangladesh to become India’s largest economic partner in South Asia. The potential bilateral commerce is about USD 40 billion.

Both stand to benefit greatly from the CEPA. Under the auspices of the 2006 South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) accord, India and Bangladesh already have a goods agreement that governs trade tariff regimes.

Except for alcohol and tobacco, India has provided Bangladesh duty-free and quota-free access under SAFTA. The missing middle is a services trade deal, and Bangladesh, with its economy based mostly on agriculture and services, would welcome one that included the services component as well as investment.

During Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s visit in October 2019, a number of pacts and projects were signed and finalized, paving the way for the growth of bilateral ties and the prompt commissioning of a joint study on the chances of entering into a bilateral CEPA. Experts say that a rising and developing Bangladesh and a prosperous India have significant synergy and are beneficial to each other.

Bangladesh’s impending graduation from Least Developed Country classification, as well as India’s strong economic foundations and demonstrated credentials as Bangladesh’s largest development partner, have created a slew of economic dynamics.

Three Special Economic Zones have already been established in Bangladesh for Indian investors, and Indian firms are investing in a variety of industries in Bangladesh, including telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, FMCG, and autos. These are considered as providing a key backdrop to India and Bangladesh’s more active bilateral trade and investment activities outlined in the CEPA.

What is Hindu advocacy and activism

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The United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees us the right to life, citizenship, property, freedom of movement, constitutional freedoms of thought, expression, religion and peaceful assembly. The foundations of the global human rights movement involve resistance to colonialism, imperialism, slavery, racism, segregation, patriarchy, and oppression of indigenous peoples.

Hindus are up against much these days. Radical Islam, missionaries, a fraudulent academia, secularism, misappropriation and Hinduphobic politicians all seem to want to see an end to Hinduism. They seek to destroy the last remaining, ancient non-Abrahamic tradition left on the planet. Isn’t it time we start to organize and start to advocate and promote Hinduism in a positive way? Isn’t it time we start to become active in defending ourselves and dharma itself? What are some things we can do? How would we define Hindu advocacy and activism, and what would that look like?

It is time we stand up and defend pro-Hindu causes and policies. It’s time we stand up and speak for those Hindus who won’t or can’t speak for themselves due to fear of public ridicule and backlash, discrimination, job loss, the destruction of temples, assault and death. It’s time we stand up and state our clarity of purpose which involves empowerment, respect, free speech, equality and diversity. It’s time we stand up and speak for our universal Hindu community and for Hindus worldwide. Our views, needs and opinions must be heard in the public square.

We must begin and continue to promote and support our interests and causes. We must find our own voices and help other Hindus, silenced by injustices and bigotry, to find theirs. We must advocate for ourselves and against marginalization and systematic Hinduphobia, racism and xenophobia. We must promote social justice, social inclusion and human rights for ourselves and others who are diminished by Christian and Muslim majorities, as well as by Indian secularism.

This should all be done in the most pragmatic, intelligent, direct and empowering ways possible. This especially relates to indegenous and/or Indian Hindus, but all Hindus of the world must come together with plans of advocacy which identify our needs for political support. We must raise awareness in our communities and around the world. It’s time we all do our part in speaking truth to power and opposing injustice, discrimination and disempowerment.

We must also always be willing to listen and learn. We have to be ready for open discussion with both different and like-minded people. We must seek out alliances with other individuals and groups who share our values. We must maintain deliberate focus on short-term and long-term goals. We must be open to various ways to share our message. We must become aware of opposing positions and be able to counter and refute them. We must be able to counter misconceptions and fallacies regarding our Dharma, it’s culture, practices and ideologies.

We can begin by establishing our objectives in a clear and concise manner, basing them on our own diligent research. We can start forming relationships with each other, with various Hindu groups and other groups who are striving for civil rights and social justice.

Our long and short-term strategies must include a great measure of communications including but not limited to the use of music, art, digital tools, blogs, Email marketing and social media platforms. We must also have regular contact with politicians, legislators and media outlets. Along with this comes the ability to use data and statistics to our advantage.

We must become intellectual warriors and educate the ignorant. Hinduism is a religion, culture, philosophy and way of life most people in the world do not understand. This has resulted in false, negative and detrimental stereotypes and false narratives. People fear what they don’t understand. They come to hate what they fear and destroy what they hate. Trying to explain Hinduism to non-Hindus can be like a professor of mathematics trying to explain differential calculus to a first grader, so we have to learn to explain it with some measure of simplicity, clarity and eloquence.

We must become active with our causes. This includes organizing and participating in boycotts, demonstrations, protests, letter-writing campaigns, petitions and social media campaigns. We must become willing to participate in rallies, marches, sit-ins and strikes.

We can do so individually and collectively with purposeful, organized and sustained action. We can practice civil engagement using literature and pamphlets to disseminate information regarding our causes. We can use the same to educate others who hold negative values and mistaken ideas regarding Hinduism, Hindus and Indian politics. Their possession of false stereotypes can be altered towards an educated and accurate view and attitude.

“Many people, especially ignorant people, want to punish you for speaking the truth, for being correct, for being you. Never apologize for being correct, or for being years ahead of your time. If you’re right and you know it, speak your mind. ~Gandhi   

It’s time Hindus start to advocate and promote the beauty of the Hindu Sanatana Dharma. Despite the myriad of knowledge and wisdom within the Dharma, and despite the great diversity therein, Hinduism has basic tenets, principles and standards. Hindus need to come to a consensus on what these are, accompanied by a collective understanding of how they should be properly interpreted, as per shastra (scripture). A lack of knowledge, equals a lack of advocacy. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

There are hundreds of millions of non-Hindus, who are unconsciously starving for the spirituality, knowledge and wisdom of the Vedas and the Hindu Dharma. Every temple in countries where Hindus are in the minority, must start Vedantic centers, open to all. They should all devote at least one evening per month, to welcome and educate newcomers or anyone who might have questions or interests in Hinduism. This could also be good for many Hindus, especially the Hindu youth living in countries where they are in the ethnic and religious minority. Temples in India also need to take the endeavors of breaking free from governmental restraints.

“Hindu temples were traditionally wonderful places of learning and education, not just devoted to worship. They were also centers of art and culture. Government control of Hindu temples has not only expropriated their wealth, but reduced their role in uplifting society.” ~Vamada Shastriji

In order to unapologetically share our Dharma, we’d need to organize. We do not have a Pope, and we do not need a Pope. We need multiple “Popes”, or rather multiple Mahamandaleshwar(s), gurus, pandits, acharyas and pujaris. As lay people, we’d need to be able to give easy to understand explanations regarding topics like: yoga, sadhana, karma, reincarnation, moksha, Brahman, atman, meditation, puja, Ishvara, gurus, varna, etc.

We’d need to counter false narratives and stereotypes regarding things like: caste, polytheism, idol worship, the sacredness of cows, Hindutva, etc. We’d need to promote our Dharma and let nature take its course. We’d need to appeal to open-minded and intelligent people, and not waste our time with others. We’d need to use attraction and education, rather than propaganda or promotion focused on conversion with a competitive mindset. We can leave that nonsense to the Christians. Dharma is not about world domination. It’s about harmony and a seeking for higher awareness. It’s time more Hindus wake up to see their dharma is to protect the greater universal dharma. In the Kali yuga, Hinduism, the current form of Sanatana Dharma, is not immune to becoming diminished to the point of great endangerment. 

Sean Bradrick is an Ayurvedic counselor and writer living in Omaha, Nebraska USA. Author of  ‘A Hindu’s Guide to Advocacy and Activism’. 

Imprisoned in the veil of rigidity

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Classrooms are not to be split in the name of religion. But the hijab row in Karnataka has probably done the division as students with hijabs and saffron scarves thronged to the streets in protest. The controversy has crossed the boundaries of the country with an inimical Pakistan summoned the Indian envoy to diplomatically warn and explain him as to how solid is the Islamic Republic’s support for the agitating girls of India. The Taliban and many of its sympathizers have showered admiration for the girls for their courage to bring the agenda to the forefront.

Who wins the controversy by dividing young men and women in the lines of religion in a classroom? Education, a fundamental right of every child, should remain an aspect of learning. But it seems a bunch of radical elements is fanning the issue into flames by surreptitiously playing a puppet show planting girls in veils on the front. We can’t forget interventions made previously by such elements to radicalize the populace which is mostly a patriarchy in essence and nature and function. They were the people who issued a fatwa against Sania Mirza for her playing in skirts. They wanted her to cover her body to look like typical ideal Muslim woman.

The young women protesting in Karnataka said that to be in the hijab is their fundamental right. If that is the case, educational institutions cannot maintain regulations to uphold uniformity among students. To what extent dress in schools and colleges can be a personal choice? And why should there be uniformity among the students? If institutions are unable to maintain a set of rules for their better functioning, would the teaching learning system function the way it should actually do. Interestingly, it is only a small number of students among the minority community seen to be protesting.

The absence of a larger segment of the student population from this agitation should be telling us the nasty plans of some radicalized elements purposefully trying to push the agitating girls on to the roads.   A well-planned movement guided and orchestrated by elements to bring chaos in the society with political interests is seemingly gaining momentum. Are the girls playing a drama out to what has been deliberately scripted for?

Classroom is a mini representation of the diversity of the society. And education, going beyond the pages of the textbooks, demands this mingling of minds, existing amicably together when the outer world is split on religious lines or on any other issue. A teacher, who is also a facilitator, manages to take his students from various backgrounds to work together and help them perfect their efforts to go beyond the dividing ideas and sentiments and build their future. Inclusive nature of a classroom is what gives it a learning environment. Therefore, a teacher can never think in any discriminatory lines.

If the agitators and the one who confronts them are purposefully taken out to the streets to help someone make a political mileage, or a group of radicals playing hide and seek behind the veil, they are going to seriously damage the learning atmosphere of the institutions. What is essentially applicable for any learning atmosphere is to maintain an ambiance of learning together by the teaching community and the learners. Together they have to unpack the order of hypocrisy that exists in a society. But what happens in Karnataka and other parts of India is an example of a trend dangerously raising its ugly hood to disrupt the amiability in the society.

Arguments on how mandatory is hijab in Islam has always been there. To the religious scholars, it is not a personal choice but an obligatory exercise which the religion strictly demands from its women. The December protests started when eight girls tried to enter the school in hijab in Karnataka and they were subsequently stopped by the management. The argument made in defense was probably that the teachers in the institute were males. This argument itself is inflammatory because the education sector has a large number of males employed in it. Should we be doubtful of our male teachers?

What is happening in Karnataka and other parts of India is contradictory to what happened in Afghanistan, where the women who fought against the veil of suppression were brutally killed. Priyanka Vadra’s assertion on what seems to be an inflammatory issue, was tragically irresponsible. For her, the girls of agitating age can wear whatever dress they like. Going to the extent of saying that girls, if wished to go in bikinis to their learning centers, should be allowed to exercise their freedom, was totally cynical and reckless. If the agitation is attempted to be justified in the name of religious identity, being a secular country, cries for recognition of the religious identity in educational institutions will be heard from other religions too. Pujas, festivals and practices of various kinds will step into the campuses and the atmosphere of learning will give way to intimidation on religious identity.

Entry of the Campus Front of India (CFI), the student wing of the Popular Front of India (PFI) into the anger-show is making the intention of the agitation doubtful. Both PFI and CFI are accused for their culpable involvement in anti-national activities. Recently, members of its political arm SDPI were arrested for an ABVP worker’s brutal murder in Kerala’s Kannur. The CFI is reported to have managed to gather hundreds of burqa clad girls in a short time to make the defensive move stronger in Karnataka. This must be probed well before the whole thing turns out to be an ugly mess. Islamic Republics like Saudi Arabia have eased their radical norms which curtailed the rights and freedom of women.

When it comes to the homogeneousness applicable in the dress code of the students, nothing, not even religions, should become an element of interference in the process of education. But the intensity of the radical interventions behind the agitation is clear. The agitating students choosing hijab over education shows how the machinery of radicalization works in a secular country like India. Those who say that hijab is a personal choice should also know the story of the Iranian woman who pitched a lone battle against a radical ruling establishment to free herself from the suffocation of the hijab.

Masih Alinejad was alone when she started her fight against the radicalised patriarchy who suppressed her in the name of religion. Soon she found more women swarming around her to stand for the cause. She had encouraged other women to speak for their freedom. Hijabs are mere symbols of religious extremism taking center stage today. Setting narratives to judge every single act of radicalization and by hiding behind what they call a socio-religious cause, the anti-national elements can attempt to advance towards a total disruption.

Hijab row: The right to offend comes with corresponding responsibility

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Recent dress code issue in Karnataka is one such example. I just ponder, did State University deny the girls their basic rights of education due to their religion or dress code! If it was due to their religion, I really condemn the step of state but had been it was to bring uniformity among the students where is the state body wrong? Art 25 which provides Freedom of conscience , free profession and propagation of religion begins with the phrase ‘subject to public order’ & so does Art 26 starts with the same phrase. What is this public order? It simply means people behaving sensibly and rationally and respecting others. It’s a simple interpreattion for man of common prudence. There is no rocket science or it doesn’t need to set a judicial committee to interpret these two words! In age of achieving  artificial intelligence we are regressing towards chaotic epoch! If every individual come on to raise his individual rights where would the limitations of Constitution go!

In above context, I would share on personal experience of one fool. That person had parked his car on wrong side of road and when objected he yelled that he was paying the road tax and he has right to park his car anywhere on the road! This is what foolish person empowered with right can do! It is truth that fools and fanatics are so sure of themselves that wiser and humble people get engulfed with doubts.

As an avid thinker, I would like to attract the attentions of my readers on an issue which we seldom raise in any debate on social issues. The constitution of india has used the word ‘person’ or ‘citizen’ in context of protecting the right of an individual against any sort of discrimination done by State. But specially during election season the political parties tend to raise issues of Hindu Muslim Sikhs Christians getting deeper into their caste and creeds rather than raising collective issues like employment, education, health, taxes. If we closely look into the agenda of these political parties we would find that they pluck the chord, like religion, nationalism, dress codes, temple, mosques which really converge the votes to their ballots. Does the right to offend comes with no corresponding responsibility?

Coming upto reason and chronology behind this hue and cry we have to look over some statistics. As per 2011 Census of India on educational level by religious community it shows that 42.7% of Muslims in India are illiterate. This is the highest illiteracy rate for any single religious community in the country. Muslims are the only community to have an illiteracy rate higher than the national rate among all communities. For Hindus, the figure stands at 36.3%, the second highest proportion of illiterate people. Literacy rates are highest among Jains, at 84.7%, followed by Christians (74.3%), Buddhists (71.8%) and Sikhs (67.5%). And alarmingly, the illiteracy rate for the entire population taken together is 36.9%.

What does the statistics reveal? The high level of poverty and illiteracy among the Muslim community explains its larger “desired number of children”, than other communities. Muslims have fared worse in education than other communities even though reservation policy in muslim backward communinity exists as per the constitutional provisions. Policy-making in India in past decades been generally neutral or adopted the policy of appeasement. When ever there has been talk of measures to control population, independent of caste and community considerations, the political appeasement voice rises. It is important to promote health and education in Muslim areas, focusing on women, to bring down population growth effectively and increase work participation. Why the help of religious leaders and film actors are needed to convince the Muslim community to take the vaccine?

Since, politics is the organized pursuit of power, and Muslim fundamentalists seek over power variously through the family’s procreation practices and child rearing, the religious education board, the seminary or madrasas, the religious endowment like waqfs, the political party, the military and finally the government to rule. If Muslim fundamentalists are to form a modern political party in some part of the world  it will be the “party of Allah.” If fundamentalists are to justify the assassination or war it will be through ‘jihad’, a concept taken from Islamic religious law. The fundamentalist leaders claim to speak for the dispossessed and despised masses like “millions of the unhappily ruled, the educated-but-unemployable, futureless young, the poor, the dispossessed—those whom Muslims call ‘the disinherited’ and whom they recruit by the tens of thousands.”

Hindus, I guess, are expected to have thicker skins and more liberals than their Muslim bretherens. When we ask Muslims to denounce a handful of extremists as an existential threat to existing civilisation in any part of the world they turn a blind eye and pretend to be a victim  of widespread discrimination against Muslims in education, employment and public life which is just a fallacy created by the much bigger threat- fanatic leaders.

Generally if we talk about dressing sense in educational institution it should be proper civilised dress. If uncommon dress code is prevailing then there are different institutions for them as well. as we have in Hindu culture the tradition of batuks scholars, in Buddhuism we have buddhist monks who wear regular clothes ONLY before they become a monk. Once they become monk and enter a monastery they wear robes which are meant to symbolize simplicity and detachment of materialism and even if they come out in robes they are considered to be monks or bhikkhus, follow a strict code of conduct, which includes celibacy. By becoming a monk or a nun, one abandons the ways and appearance of a lay man and adopts the appearance and ways of an ordained person by keeping a number of vows.

At last, I would emphasize that this is high time to bring UNIFORM CIVIL CODE which would be applicable to all religious communities in matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption. The code comes under Article 44 of the Constitution, which lays down that the state shall endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code for the citizens throughout the territory of India. Its high time to look beyond hijab issue or SRK incident and focus our energies on resisting on resisting those who are strenously trying to divide us apart. We as a citizen of great nation should try to to be indivisible!