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Fractured mandate the gift of democracy but dangerous to growth and stability

S Ranganathan
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Fractured mandate the gift of democracy but dangerous to growth and stability

The election outcome in Maharashtra is the best example for how democracy too can pose instability and imbalance to the agenda of one India, development, sab ka vikas of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Both Shiv Sena and BJP fought the election together but neither of them got full mandate and hence must run the government together. Now Sena is making several unreasonable demands to offer its support. People of Maharashtra must realize the fact that if they have given full mandate to BJP the state will not have suffered such an impasse due to Shiv Sena. The importance of a stable government and decisive leader is essential for the growth and development of any country. Any fractured mandate shall be reined by vested interests and party politics and not good governance.

Modi got full mandate of people both in 2014 and again in 2019. Look at the amazing growth and transformation of India. Modi has taken the glory and dignity of India at the global level.

Scam and corruption image of India under UPA 1 and 2 where UPA was in alliance with DMK and others, faced the biggest scam like 2G, none of us can easily forget. 

But when people of India gave full majority to BJP under Modi, things changed dramatically and now every Indian is experiencing a positive change in their life. People of every state must realize the fact that full mandate they must give to the political party that is honest and dedicated to the welfare of the state. BJP under Modi and Amit Shah is the best example for honest governance and sab ka vikas.

In Tamil Nadu, Amma did lots of good to people and hence she got elected for the second time in the history. After her demise, EPS followed her foot steps in letter and spirit and hence he too enjoys the overwhelming support of people in Tamil Nadu. Therefore DMK could not anything to destabilise the government and came to power through backdoor.

Maharashtra was going great under Fadnavis government. But in the recent election, due to combinations of factors, some level of confusion had occurred among people and as a result, the verdict becomes fractured. However majority of people wants BJP under Fadnavis to continue as reflect by the number of seats secured by BJP which is way ahead of all other parties such as Siva sena, NCP and congress. Just to gain more power to bargain after election, the role of Shiv Sena having played spoil-sport against its own alliance partner BJP during election cannot be ruled out.

If it were true, Shiv Sena fought election for power and bargain but on the contrary BJP fought with certain agenda and proposals to make the state great. BJP went to the people with its report card and appealed them to vote for the alliance but it looks like Shiv Sena had played a bit to the tunes of NCP-Congress than for the victory of the alliance.

The point of debate is not about blaming Shiv Sena but to educate the people about the danger of fractured mandate and how such fractured mandate can cause instability, install indecisive government and breed corruption and bargain.

By looking at the sad state of affairs in Maharashtra caused by Shiv Sena, people of Jharkand and Delhi must make up their mind and must take a resolution that they would vote only for BJP and Modi in large numbers so that there shall be a stable and decisive government in the state led by BJP where the performance of the state is guided and corrected directly by Modi and Amit Shah.

People must realize that for one India where all Indians live with same pride and dignity under one great ethos and national identity called Hindutwa, everyone equally participate in building new India and are equally rewarded, India needs Modi and BJP and not the corrupt dynastic politics or coalition government.

Politics of unreasonable-ness, immaturity, unholy thinking and dynastic culture are hurting Siva sena

S Ranganathan
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Politics of unreasonable-ness, immaturity, unholy thinking and dynastic culture are hurting Siva sena

The demand of Shiv sena although may look politically correct, but from the democratic and electoral per se, looks so immature, unreasonable and unjustifiable. When the political parties form alliance during election season based on mutual electoral benefit, consolidation of the vote back and avoidance of vote division.

Based on the number of seats won by the parties, the share of each alliance partner is formulated and then government is formed. Shiv Sena formed pre-poll alliance with BJP and contested the election. Both parties together got seat well above the half-way mark in Maharashtra assembly so both these parties were expected to form government together.

But Shiv Sena started to bicker and threaten that if the formula of rotational chief minister-ship and 50% share in ministerial berth are not assured by BJP in writing, Shiv Sena may not support BJP. Many such issues Shiv Sena could have solved indoor but Shiv Sena chose to dry its underwear in open and that had upset the voters of Maharashtra and also tarnished its own image.

Shiv Sena did not stop with the politics of writing own epitaph, but went to an extent to say it would even dare to seek the support of NCP and Congress party and form Government. Actually such political gesture has fixed the last nail in the coffin of Shiv Sena in Maharashtra politics. In fact Shiv Sena has taken the voters of the state for granted for its political advantage.

After the demise of Balasaheeb Thackeray, the base of Shiv Sena has been shrinking mostly due to its dynastic politics and politics centred around one family. On the other hand BJP is growing and today BJP is the number one party in Maharashtra. Lack of leadership, trust, vision, politics of confusion and unworthiness are hurting Shiv Sena. Even if Shiv Sena forms government with the support of NCP and Congress it may not last long and sooner than later Maharashtra has to embrace another election. In such situation, Shiv Sena would disappear and on the other hand, the Maratha based NCP would grow at the expense of Shiv Sena. The non-Maratha base of BJP is likely to increase.

The fight in future shall be between NCP and BJP where Shiv Sena would move from merciful state to begging state where NCP and Congress may serve diktat which Shiv Sena has to budge. Whereas the alliance with BJP is mutually rewarding, dignity and respect based and also due to ideological relationship at the umbilical cord level between the two parties.

Many legislators from Shiv Sena may also break away from the party and support BJP and such situation would only further weaken the party. Today Shiv Sena looks easily poachable than NCP or Congress because nothing is there to poach. The present political thinking of Shiv Sena to go with NCP, congress and dynastic culture rooted so deeply as reflected by the recent entrant to Maharashtra assembly from the family of Thackeray, Uddhav Thackeray likely to be either CM with the support of NCP, Congress or deputy CM in BJP coalition has upset many senior most leaders in the party who have had long history of serving the party. But today the party wants its legislatures to serve the family more than the party and the family would take the final call according to what would benefit the family.

If a fresh election is called for, BJP will sweep and such fear is there with all political parties in the state such as Shiv Sena, NCP and congress. Had BJP contested alone, BJP would have swept the election where BJP had lost several of its candidates to NCP mostly due to Maratha factor and Siva sena. On the other hand, the Hindutwa factor and Modi factor had helped Shiv Sena in several constituencies.

Even a small shift in Maratha base to NCP and BJP is enough to make BJP the clear winner and nevertheless Shiv Sena would disappear.

NCP has tactfully spread its net and hope Shiv Sena shall not fall into it due to its political over-ambition.  The inexperienced and politically naive Uddhav Thackeray cannot handle Maharashtra politics with the support of NCP where its leader is a giant killer in Indian politics who knows everything about Maharashtra politics.

Hope Shiv Sena surrenders its ego, over-ambition and politics of immaturity and joins the BJP to take the state to next level with the guidance of Modi.

आर्थिक मन्दी से देश नहीं, देश का विपक्ष जूझ रहा है

RAJEEV GUPTA
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आर्थिक मन्दी से देश नहीं, देश का विपक्ष जूझ रहा है

राहुल गाँधी पिछले 5 सालों में 16 घोषित और अघोषित विदेश यात्राएं कर चुके हैं. गौरतलब बात यह है कि इसी 5 साल की अवधि में उन्होंने अमेठी के भी इतने चक्कर नहीं लगाए जितनी बार उन्हें विदेश भागना पड़ा है. जिस तरह की आर्थिक मन्दी की बात कांग्रेस समेत देश का पूरा विपक्ष कर रहा है, उसके चलते राहुल गाँधी बार-बार विदेश का रुख क्यों कर रहे हैं, इसका अंदाज़ा लगाना कोई बहुत मुश्किल काम नहीं है. किसी भी व्यक्ति के जब आमदनी के सभी साधन यकायक बंद हो जाते हैं तो वह हताश होकर बैंकों में जमा अपनी जमा पूँजी को निकालने के लिए बैंकों की तरफ ही भागता है.

दरअसल पिछले 6 सालों से जब से केंद्र और ज्यादातर राज्यों में भाजपा की सरकारें आयी हैं, कांग्रेस समेत ज्यादातर विपक्षी दलों के नियमित आय के सभी साधनों पर रोक लग गयी है -पिछले 60 सालों में मचाई गयी लूट के पैसे से इन लोगों की रोजी रोटी तो चल पा रही है लेकिन देश की जनता को लूटकर जिस तरह की जबरदस्त अय्याशी इन्होने पिछले 60 सालों में की थी, उसके अभाव में इन्हे जबरदस्त “आर्थिक मन्दी” का सामना करना पड़ रहा है. इन लोगों का यह कहना कि देश में इस समय आर्थिक मन्दी है, उस हद तक सही भी है क्योंकि इन विपक्षी पार्टियों के ज्यादातर नेता,कार्यकर्त्ता और समर्थक जबरदस्त आर्थिक मन्दी की चपेट में आये हुए हैं.

नोट बंदी से जिस तरह से काले धन और नकली नोटों का कारोबार ठप्प हुआ था उसकी सर्वाधिक चोट भी विपक्षी पार्टियों और उनके समर्थकों को ही लगी थी.इसके बाद जब सरकार ने विपक्ष के तमाम विरोध के बाबजूद पूरे देश में जी एस टी लागू कर दिया तो इन लोगों के दो नंबर के कारोबार पर भी करारी चोट लगी है. नोटबंदी और जी एस टी का धक्का शायद यह विपक्षी पार्टियां झेल भी जातीं लेकिन पिछले 60 सालों में मचाई गयी लूट के सिलसिले में जब इनके तथाकथित दिग्गज नेताओं को जेल में चक्की पीसनी पड़ गयी तो यह लोग उस सदमे को झेल नहीं पाए और अपनी दुष्प्रचार की आदत के चलते “आर्थिक मन्दी” का राग अलापने लगे.

हालांकि इस बात में कोई दो राय नहीं है कि देश की सभी विपक्षी पार्टियों, उनके नेताओं, कार्यकर्ताओं और समर्थकों को भ्रष्टाचार पर लगी लगाम के चलते जबरदस्त आर्थिक मन्दी का सामना करना पड़ रहा है, लेकिन देश में आर्थिक मन्दी जैसी कोई चीज़ नहीं है. फ्लिपकार्ट और अमेज़ॉन पर कुछ ही दिनों में हुई “सेल” में अरबों खरबों के लक्जरी सामान का बिकना और धनतेरस वाले दिन सिर्फ दिल्ली एन सी आर में कई हज़ार करोड़ की सोना-चाँदी की खरीदारी ने विपक्षी दलों की काल्पनिक “आर्थिक मन्दी” का पूरी तरह भंडाफोड़ कर दिया है. विपक्ष कह रहा है कि लोग “पार्ले-जी” के बिस्कुट नहीं खा रहे हैं लेकिन “पार्ले-जी” बनाने वाली कंपनी का मुनाफा कई गुना कैसे बढ़ रहा है, इसके बारे में विपक्ष ने चुप्पी साधी हुई है.

विपक्ष कह रहा है कि आर्थिक मन्दी के चलते कारें कम बिक रही हैं लेकिन यह नहीं बता रहा है कि सड़कों पर चलने वाली आधे से ज्यादा कारें इस समय ओला और ऊबर की होती हैं और लोगों ने अपनी सुविधा के चलते गाड़ियों का खरीदना कम कर दिया है. विपक्ष यह भी नहीं बता रहा है कि सरकार का टारगेट अगले दो-तीन सालों में इलेक्ट्रिक गाड़ियों को लाने का है और कोई भी समझदार व्यक्ति जो अपनी पुरानी गाड़ी बदलना चाहता होगा या नयी गाड़ी लेने चाहता होगा वह पेट्रोल या डीज़ल की गाड़ी लेकर फंसने की जगह इलेक्टिक कार के आने का ही इंतज़ार करेगा. जब तक लोग अनपढ़ थे और सोशल मीडिया की पकड़ नहीं थी, विपक्षी दल इस तरह का दुष्प्रचार और फेक न्यूज़ फैलाकर सत्ता हथियाते रहते थे लेकिन अब यह सब बंद हो गया है. विपक्ष मोदी, भाजपा या संघ से बिलकुल भी परेशान नहीं है-उसकी असली परेशानी देश की जनता की बढ़ती हुई जागरूकता है और जितनी जागरूकता देश के लोगों में बढ़ती जाएगी, विपक्षी दलों,उनके नेताओं ,कार्यकर्ताओं और समर्थकों की “आर्थिक मन्दी” उसी अनुपात में बढ़ती चली जाएगी.

छत्तीसगढ़ में जानलेवा होता वायु प्रदूषण, लोगों के जीवनकाल में कम हो गए 3.8 वर्ष

Rinku Mishra
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छत्तीसगढ़ में जानलेवा होता वायु प्रदूषण, लोगों के जीवनकाल में कम हो गए 3.8 वर्ष

रायपुर: शिकागो विश्वविद्यालय, अमेरिका की शोध संस्था ‘एपिक’ (Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago-EPIC) द्वारा तैयार ‘वायु गुणवत्ता जीवन सूचकांक’ (Air Quality Life Index – AQLI) का नया विश्लेषण दर्शाता है कि छत्तीसगढ़ में वायु प्रदूषण की गंभीर स्थिति राज्य के नागरिकों की ‘जीवन प्रत्याशा’ (Life Expectancy) औसतन 3.8 वर्ष कम करती है, और जीवन प्रत्याशा में उम्र बढ़ सकती है अगर यहां के वायुमंडल में प्रदूषित सूक्ष्म तत्वों एवं धूलकणों की सघनता 10 माइक्रोग्राम प्रति क्यूबिक मीटर (विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन द्वारा बताया गया सुरक्षित मानक) के सापेक्ष हो।

एक्यूएलआई के आंकड़ों के अनुसार रायपुर के लोग 4.9 वर्ष ज्यादा जी सकते थे, अगर विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन (World Health Organization) के दिशानिर्देशों को हासिल कर लिया जाता। वर्ष 1998 में, इसी वायु गुणवत्ता मानक को पूरा करने से जीवन प्रत्याशा में 2.2 साल की बढ़ोतरी होती। लेकिन राज्य में प्रदूषित जिलों की सूची में रायपुर शीर्ष पर नहीं है।

छत्तीसगढ़ के अन्य जिले और शहर के लोगों का भी जीवनकाल घट रहा है और वे बीमार जीवन जी रहे हैं। उदाहरण के लिए दुर्ग के लोगों के जीवनकाल में 5.7 साल की बढ़ोतरी होती, अगर वहां विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन के मानकों का अनुपालन किया जाता। इसी तरह बेमितारा, बालोदा, राजनांदगांव और बालोद भी इस सूची में पीछे नहीं हैं, जहां के लोगों की जीवन प्रत्याशा में क्रमशः 4.4 वर्ष, 4.3 वर्ष, 4.2 वर्ष, और 4.1 वर्ष की वृद्धि होती, अगर लोग स्वच्छ और सुरक्षित हवा में सांस लेते।

दरअसल वायु प्रदूषण पूरे भारत में एक बड़ी चुनौती है, लेकिन उत्तरी भारत के गंगा के मैदानी इलाके (Indo-Gangetic Plain), जहां बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, हरियाणा, पंजाब, चंडीगढ़, दिल्ली और पश्चिम बंगाल जैसे प्रमुख राज्य और केंद्र शासित प्रदेश आते हैं, में यह स्पष्ट रूप से अलग दिखता है। वर्ष 1998 में गंगा के मैदानी इलाकों से बाहर के राज्यों में निवास कर रहे लोगों ने उत्तरी भारत के लोगों के मुकाबले अपने जीवनकाल में करीब 1.2 वर्ष की कमी देखी होती, अगर वायु की गुणवत्ता विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन के मानक को अनुरूप हुई होती। अब यह आंकड़ा बढ़ कर 2.6 वर्ष हो चुका है, और इसमें गिरावट आ रही है, लेकिन गंगा के मैदानी इलाकों की वर्तमान स्थिति के मुकाबले यह थोड़ी ठीकठाक है।

एक्यूएलआई के अनुसार भारत के उत्तरी क्षेत्र यानी गंगा के मैदानी इलाके में रह रहे लोगों की जीवन प्रत्याशा करीब 7 वर्ष कम होने की आशंका है, क्योंकि इन इलाकों के वायुमंडल में ‘प्रदूषित सूक्ष्म तत्वों और धूलकणों से होने वाला वायु प्रदूषण’ यानी पार्टिकुलेट पॉल्यूशन (Particulate Pollution) विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन के तय दिशानिर्देशों को हासिल करने में विफल रहा है। शोध अध्ययनों के अनुसार इसका कारण यह है कि वर्ष 1998 से 2016 में गंगा के मैदानी इलाके में वायु प्रदूषण 72 प्रतिशत बढ़ गया, जहां भारत की 40 प्रतिशत से अधिक आबादी रहती है। वर्ष 1998 में लोगों के जीवन पर वायु प्रदूषण का प्रभाव आज के मुकाबले आधा होता और उस समय लोगों की जीवन प्रत्याशा में 3.7 वर्ष की कमी हुई होती।

इन निष्कर्षों की घोषणा ‘एयर क्वालिटी लाइफ इंडेक्स’ के मंच पर इसके हिंदी संस्करण में विमोचन करने के दौरान की गई, ताकि वायु गुणवत्ता जीवन सूचकांक उस ‘पार्टिकुलेट पॉल्यूशन’ पर अधिकाधिक नागरिकों और नीति-निर्माताओं को जागरूक और सूचनासंपन्न बना सके, जो पूरी दुनिया में मानव स्वास्थ्य के लिए सबसे बड़ा खतरा बन गया है।

शिकागो विश्वविद्यालय में अर्थशास्त्र के मिल्टन फ्राइडमैन प्रतिष्ठित सेवा प्रोफेसर और एनर्जी पॉलिसी इंस्टीट्यूट (EPIC) के निदेशक डॉ माइकल ग्रीनस्टोन ने कहा कि ‘‘एयर क्वालिटी लाइफ इंडेक्स के हिंदी संस्करण की शुरुआत के साथ, करोड़ों लोग यह जानने-समझने में समर्थ हो पाएंगे कि कैसे पार्टिकुलेट पॉल्यूशन उनके जीवन को प्रभावित कर रहा है, और सबसे जरूरी यह बात जान पाएंगे कि कैसे वायु प्रदूषण से संबंधित नीतियां जीवन प्रत्याशा को बढ़ाने में व्यापक बदलाव पैदा कर सकती हैं।’’

अगर भारत अपने ‘राष्ट्रीय स्वच्छ वायु कार्यक्रम’ (National Clean Air Program-NCAP) के लक्ष्यों को प्राप्त करने में सफल रहा और वायु प्रदूषण स्तर में करीब 25 प्रतिशत की कमी को बरकरार रखने में कामयाब रहा, तो ‘एक्यूएलआई’ यह दर्शाता है कि वायु गुणवत्ता में इस सुधार से आम भारतीयों की जीवन प्रत्याशा औसतन 1.3 वर्ष बढ़ जाएगी। वहीं उत्तरी भारत के गंगा के मैदानी इलाकों में निवास कर रहे लोगों को अपने जीवनकाल में करीब 2 वर्ष के समय का फायदा होगा।

आज दिल्ली में ‘एक्यूएलआई’ के हिंदी संस्करण के विमोचन के अवसर पर माननीय सांसद और ‘वैश्विक युवा नेता, विश्व आर्थिक मंच’ (Young Global Leader, World Economic Forum) श्री गौरव गोगोई ने कहा कि ‘‘अव्वल दर्जे की रिसर्च यह संकेत करती है कि वायु प्रदूषण में कमी और जीवनकाल में वृद्धि के बीच स्पष्ट संबंध है। स्वच्छ वायु की मांग के लिए नागरिकों के बीच जागरूकता बेहद महत्वपूर्ण है और एक्यूएलआई सही दिशा में एक कदम है। मैं 1981 के वायु अधिनियम (Air Act) में संशोधन के लिए संसद में एक निजी विधेयक प्रस्तावित कर रहा हूं, जो बढ़ते वायु प्रदूषण के कारण पैदा हो रहे स्वास्थ्य संबंधी दुष्प्रभावों को रेखांकित करता है।’’

एक्यूएलआई से संबंधित स्टडी समकक्ष-विशेषज्ञों के मूल्यांकन एवं अध्ययनों पर आधारित है, जिसे प्रोफेसर माइकल ग्रीनस्टोन और सह-लेखकों एवं शोधार्थियों की टीम ने चीन के ‘यूनिक नैचुरल एक्सपेरिमेंट’ (Unique Natural Experiment) से प्रेरित होकर तैयार किया है, जो चीन के ‘हुएई रिवर विंटर हीटिंग पॉलिसी’ से जुड़ी है। इस ‘प्राकृतिक प्रयोग’ ने उन्हें वायु प्रदूषण के दुष्प्रभावों को अन्य कारकों से अलग करने का मौका दिया, जो मानव स्वास्थ्य को प्रभावित करते हैं और इसी क्रम में उन्होंने भारत तथा उन देशों में यह अध्ययन किया, जहां आज प्रदूषित सूक्ष्म तत्वों और धूलकणों की सघनता सबसे ज्यादा है। फिर उन्होंने इन अध्ययनों के परिणामों को विविध क्षेत्रों में बेहद स्थानीय स्तर पर ‘वैश्विक सूक्ष्म प्रदूषक मापदंडों’ (Global Particulate Pollution Measurement) के साथ संयुक्त रूप से जोड़ दिया। इससे उपयोगकर्ताओं को दुनिया के किसी क्षेत्र या जिले से संबंधित आंकड़ों पर दृष्टिपात करने का अवसर मिलता है और उनके जिले में स्थानीय वायु प्रदूषण के स्तर से उनके जीवन प्रत्याशा पर पड़ रहे प्रभावों को समझने में मदद मिलती है।

हिंदी संस्करण की शुरुआत और आधिकारिक वेबसाइट पर इससे जुड़ी जानकारी उपलब्ध कराने से करीब पिछले साल पहले आरंभ हुए ‘एक्यूएलआई’ के प्रचार-प्रसार को और भी गति एवं मजबूती मिलेगी। ‘एक्यूएलआई’ अब तीन भाषाओं- अंग्रेजी, हिंदी तथा मंडेरिन चाइनीज में उपलब्ध है और पांच भाषाओं में प्रमुख प्रदूषकों से संबंधित व्यक्तिगत विश्लेषण को मुहैया करा रहा है और इस सूचकांक का उद्देश्य दुनिया की अधिकाधिक आबादी को सूचनासंपन्न बनाना है। यह मिशन सफल भी हो रहा है, करीब 161 देशों के लगभग 30 हजार लोगों ने इस मंच का इस्तेमाल किया है। साथ ही साथ, एक्यूएलआई की शुरुआत के बाद करीब 300 मीडिया संस्थानों, जिनकी पहुंच दुनिया भर में एक अरब से ज्यादा लोगों तक है, ने इस सूचकांक और इसके महत्वपूर्ण निष्कर्षों को रेखांकित और प्रसारित किया है। ‘एक्यूएलआई’ को ‘फास्ट कंपनी’ (Fast Company) द्वारा वर्ष 2019 का ‘दुनिया बदलने वाला विचार’ (World Changing Idea) का नामकरण भी किया गया है।

Future of Indo-Pak Relation – A futuristic take

kdipanshu
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It was a quiet morning in Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan on 13th of April, 2017. All of a sudden there was huge uproar and bystanders could see a naked body being dragged across the campus and beaten with sticks and stones. The mob did not feel then need to stop even after knowing that the person was dead. Probably their anger was looking to wrap itself around the body’s bones by replacing flesh and blood. The body was of Mashal Khan, a journalism student; ‘accused’ of writing and propagating ‘blasphemous’ content. It is completely irrelevant fact that he was a devout Muslim and was running a campaign against the corruption within university.

Couples of months later, the law minister of Pakistan, Mr. Zahid Hamid had to resign under pressure from government. His mistake was that he was ‘accused’ of bringing in legislation that would soften the electoral laws. The protestors claimed that proposed bill was ‘blasphemous’ because they weakened rules requiring politicians to refer Prophet Mohammad while taking oaths. The price of this error was paid by deploying paramilitary forces to disperse the protestors who went on a rampage, destroying the public property. It also took couple of lives by firing from the forces.

There is a pertinent reason as why these two specific instances have been quoted in context to ‘Future of Indo-Pak relations’. Rising above the scotch-immersed ‘Aman Ki Asha’ concerts and going weak at the knees for Fawad Khan & Atif Aslam, the stakeholders of Indo-Pak peace must have a keen eye on the storm that is raging within Pakistan and is bound to engulf its so-called democratic set-up any day and thus spilling over the consequences into India’s cup. The present day scenarios are grave enough to force the strategists to white-board to chalk out a future-proof strategy to deal with the double-trouble coming India’s way. The Pakistan Army which virtually controls the nation, is quietly making Pakistan a colony of China while the common masses, long deprived of basic rights, are busy burning their sanity on the altar of religion. With India geographically surrounded by China and its colony from 3 sides, there is not much to guess as what is in store for a nation where a sizeable population has been culturally and religiously deflected to act against the interest of the nation. Probably by that time India would have lost every bargaining chip to negotiate a peaceful co-existence.

It is a serious contemplative time when the policy-shapers need to realize that the ‘top-down’ approach in terms of dealing with Pakistan has not yielded satisfactory results. The need of hour is a swift & precise ‘bottom-down’ approach that would bring China to the negotiations table and simultaneously building up assets deep within the Pakistan(read Kashmir & Baluchistan) province to always have an ace in its sleeves. This is right time when India can use China’s ‘communism’ to counter Pakistan’s ‘religious extremism’. The cultural & linguistic advantage which we possess over Chinese would make it easier for us to take our words across the border in a seamless way. Rising up as a strong & liberal alternative in region would always pay back in rich dividends.

The time has come when India needs to stop visualizing its relations with Pakistan as a bilateral affair. However painful it might be to accept, the reality is any foreign policy without taking China into consideration will be far from being effective. The future is the present now & it is going to be worse. We might be going gaga over not maintaining cricket ties with Pakistan or for not exchanging sweets with them on Republic and Independence Day, but the reality is ‘They don’t care’. Their sinister plan is into operation while our people take out protest march against government stand toward Pakistan. We continue laying wreath on the dead bodies of our jawans while elected representatives of J&K assembly openly shout ‘Pakistan Zindabad’. The future expects us to wake up from the slumber and realize that if we at all want to see our coming generations flourish on this land, it is us and only us who needs to sort this out. The mere expectation from Pakistan to be a part of peace-process is suicidal and unwise.

Burying our head in the sad doesn’t make us immune to the catastrophe sprinting toward us, does it?

Jal Shakti

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Jal Shakti

I write this piece after formation of Ministry of Jan Shakti by NDA 2. Possibly my inputs may assist in a thought process leading to structure formation at Ministry of JAL SHAKTI. Way back in mid nineties after leaving Air Force, I decided to start a business unit focused to augment availability of water resource for organization or my clients. I intended to use this experience to be a problem solver for habitations, wanting to stream line and thus augment availability of water. I assumed that the system suffered minor hiccups and I would be able to harness information systems for augementing the water availability. My aim was to gain experience and later date use my experience for organizations and at communities level. I do claim any superiority of knowledge but have understood grass reality. However my experience may of use to chair borne policymakers.

During my service career at every station I was posted to have complains about water shortage and regular outcry for additional water. After informal study, I found that in most of the places quantity of water supplied exceeded the demand. The reason of short fall being wastage and collusion. Wastage due to faulty taps and leaking pipes, and collusion between the local regulatory authorities, users and commercial establishments. Also unscientific system of augmenting supply. Unfortunately these conditions still exist. My analysis led me to believe that there is systemic problem in understanding of water augmentation and utilization. Sensing a business opportunity in unchartered territory and with limited amount of my financial reserves and a partner who I thought new about the subject, I ventured into water augmentation business.

My aim was to create a business unit, which under one roof could facilitate additional requirement of potable water at the optimal cost. The first step involved in water augmentation is detecting a water resource. The method used to detect water content are many, however probability level was lower in late 80s. I am with technical upgrade and greater use of remote sensing techniques. Keeping in these inputs I tried contacting government organizations like ministry of Water Resources, RITES, and other agencies based out of Dehradun, ISRO, to ascertain the water bearing zones. Even in mid eighties this information was there.

There were road blocks at all level in sharing of this information. Possibly no directives existed on sharing of data and maps for augmenting of water. Whatever input I gathered was at personal level. Interpretation of water bearing zones required sophisticated techniques. I felt that the information on national resources should be welcomed. Since I could not afford to buy this information through remote sensing agencies, I had to rely on ill equipped survey business units. They lacked in expertise and experience. The only they could offer was a letter head, which was acceptable to clients. I wonder whether in 40 years, the process of estimation of quantity and quality of water has improved. The hydrological survey also is indicative of drilling process to be used. In Delhi NCR, due to different strata conditions, different kinds of machines need to be used. The usage of correct machine for drilling process can deliver enhanced quality of water.

Next step is drilling for ground water. This involves reaching for required depth for water quantity, and identify water zones and chemical zones. Normally a casing is put in the water hole. This prevents the collapse of the strata of water hole. The casing is perforated design, allows water from water zones and/blocks the water from the chemical zone. The space in between the drilled hole and casing is filled with filter material. As I remember most of the drilling used to be undertake by contractors from South India. Following shortcuts, unscientific process and making tube wells of incorrect specifications both in depth and process were rampant. Reason, for this being collusion between users, PHED and the contractors for financial gains. Thus leading to higher failure rate and not matching the clients requirements in terms of quality and quantity of water for the desired time period. Next step is water making water potable by removing both soluble and insoluble impurities. Last step being water distribution system.

I will share an experience of water project I executed in 1988. My aim is not to belittle anybody but provide a thought process for the new ministry. The contract which I narrate will sum up the state of affairs at that time. I hope that the conditions have changed. In 1988 I was given contract for laying down hand pumps for an NGO from source detection to hand pump installation.

For the source detection, I then contacted agencies doing hydrological survey. The help from state PHED and experts of water ministry was shoddy. I then took help of department approved hydrological surveyors and water diviners. (for high magnetic density region). Unfortunately they had very basic equipment and untrained staff. They had outdated equipment. They could take  basic readings and not interpret the data. My compulsion to accept their output was more out of commercial reasons than scientific reliability.

Any  way we finalized the sites and were about to commence drilling. At that point of time there were objections from village elders about location of hand pumps. While we wanted to get the drilling done on sites selected based on survey, the village elders insisted that the location of hand pumps to be  based on caste basis Luckily for us the district level officials intervened and good compromise was reached.

Anyway I got the drilling operation started with help of drilling contractors from South India. The machines were in reasonably good condition. They could operate the machine. Since there was strata change, machines s were appropriate for limited number of sites only, we however used machines for all the sites. The drilling team comprised of worker level with no supervisory knowledge. They had no clue to strata analysis. I had also worked with supervisors of state PHED, whose role was more liaison and less technical during the drilling operation, a supervisor with scientific knowledge of Strata analysis of the strata being excavated. This information is required for casing design of deep bore-well. A correct casing design ensured that the water from desired source is allowed and blocked from crucifers having high chemical content.

Any way 100 hand pumps were installed  by the manufacturers.  To sustain the effort of my clients  (though not part of contract) I opted   to provide  local maintenance of hand pumps ,by getting the local cycle rep  trained for maintenance of hand pumps. I asked the manufacturers to send a trained their staff  to train cycle mechanics in villages, but were willing to train them at their factory. I could not send them to manufacturers place due to logistics and cost factor..I strongly feel that local level up talent must be trained for maintenance and accountability should be at village  /panchayat  /.local level. Govt agencies should not be involved with maintenance of pumps. Their role should be that of facilitators.

I visited the place a year later .You can guess what I saw .Only 20 % of hand pumps serviceable and only 10% fiving desired water output .I still feel guilty that I could not provide a durable service.

NDA 2 has taken right step in forming a new ministry. All the functions like information gathering, interpretation, supervision of actual operations, success rate, training and sanitizing stake holders  should become part the ministry. Otherwise we will hear one more slogan, like we have been hearing for the past 70 years. More so there needs to be change in mindset for making the project success.

Safety to rethink

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Every time an  accidents takes place, apart from sorrow in nation and families of victims, there is loss on National Resources. While we attribute luck factor to occurrence an accident, we cannot ignore the fact that the accidents are indicators of system inefficiency. The system inefficiency gets transferred to name less people and their relatives. After the occurrence of an accident (Road, Rail, Air, buildings, Mining etc) the usual reactions take place. The actions include face saving and to draw political mileage. Asking for resignations, and blaming the government. To assuage public opinion, more often than not, enquiry is ordered, ex-gratia payments or visit to homes of victims house takes place.

Let us now start with investigations. The composition of board is normally from safety organization. In some cases a judge is appointed. Can you expect impartiality from serving officers? Would any officer find fault with his own organization? In the interest of individual career, there is likely to be distortion/misinformation in the report. Is the expected impartiality of a high court judge a good enough reason to head the investigation? The systems are now interrelated and complex, the likelihood of understanding systems is in question. Think about it, that in case I know the investigation team is likely to blame me, will truth come out? In every investigation, there are various stake holders (manufacturer, operating organization, trade unions who in interest of their own  brand equity may like to shift the blame on somebody else. Most of the times an investigations TRUTH is the first causality. Thus jeopardizing safety of future generations.

India is transforming at a massive speed. The transformation plan includes construction high-speed roads, high rise buildings, ports, the proposed bullet train, airlines, mega industrial/ power plants and industries. For safety systems to work effectively there is a need for the intelligentsia to provide inputs and share their experiences in devising safety safety infrastructure in India but also help in implementing the same. This is now possible, as sharing of knowledge has become cheaper, more convenient and effective.

First thing I feel there is a need for codification of experience/knowledge on devising/ implementing security systems’ With this in mind, I had started a LinkedIn group called “Safety India”. During three years, there have been only three messages. Obviously, nobody is concerned. There are various issues, on which we are silent and do not bother. Take for example of Airbags fitted on most of the cars, to minimize the collision impact on passengers. This safety feature is highlighted by car manufacturers as a marketing USP. For a feature like this there is no servicing schedule. If no service schedule is required then it must be mentioned in car manual. Is it not necessary to have some kind of inspection to improve the survival of the occupants? There is no servicing provision in the maintenance schedule for air bags. Which organization is supposed to look into this omission and seek clarification from  the manufacturer.

We are talking of speedier trains, large units of goods and services, high rise buildings/ skyscrapers. Do wee have support system to ensure safety of occupants. A builder wants to build a skyscraper. The present inspection and monitoring agencies are more builder-friendly than consumer friendly. In case of an emergency evacuation from a high rise, who is supposed to have the capability to evacuate the occupants? The builder or the fire department? We seem to be waiting for a disaster to happen. In case a disaster happens, reactions will range from candle marches to blame game supported by vested groups.

Each modern innovation introduced has a deep-rooted safety impact. Apart from process and system safety, there is a need to study the long-term effects in relation to the environment.

The introduction of new systems and technology has a systematic impact on the overall environment. Let us take the example of induction of radar to improve landing rate. At some point of time, air space will be congested. Aircraft with higher capacities require improved   management of airspace, higher capacity evacuation plan. While I concede that enough precautions are planned and factored in by manufacturers/suppliers and operators, still there is a need for system studies and implementation of standardized procedures and periodic monitoring of the same by independent and competent agencies.

Let us take another example. We hear of trains being delayed because of poor visibility, and at the same time, we hear about train speed being increased. To my mind, a collision avoidance radar could reduce the delay due to poor visibility. The introduction of high speed trains including bullet train will have their own safety dimensions. There are railway over bridges in Mumbai.Most of them very old . When were the bridges planned? What was the load factor envisaged and for how long ? Depending on traffic, a periodic study should be carried out. designated  thou investigation, there are no lessons learnt.

The existing shortcomings in the capability of fire-fighting systems may be to the builders’ delight, but who will be answerable in case of a human tragedy? The shortcomings have to be identified honestly and diligently and then rectified. To my mind, safety means creating standards and procedures for induction of new equipment/ technology and changed environment. After this, comes testing and retesting them over a period of time to see the effect of the new induction on the entire environment.

While there may be studies in safety, the impartiality of the studies could be in doubt. Safety rules have been made by vested interests to cater to the lobbies. Over a period of time, the safety system gets diluted. Inhabitants—be they in buildings, malls, or passengers traveling by surface transport—are the sufferers.

There are existing safety programs They have been introduced by the operator. Some programs are for the users and some for the operators. One wonders at the efficacy of prevention programs These need to be audited at regular intervals and remedial processes suggested. Preventive programs have to be ongoing .

I recommend formation of a National Safety Board. The Board should have quasi judicial powers and  have separate wings for each of the roles. The charter of duties should laying of standards, enforcement, inspection investigation, and research and development. The organization must covers  various all aspects of safety. While the role of the investigation wing is straight-forward,the enforcement part will have monitoring and upgrade role, the R&D wing will be expected to study new technologies and inter-relationship between technical and environment interface. It will also be monitoring authority for setting up services standards at all levels.

A detailed organization can be worked out. The Board should have members who have extensive experience in setting up safety systems and processes in their own organizations. The manpower could be drawn from the Railways, Armed forces, as well as the air and surface transportation and scientific communities. We have enough committed professionals in India to form the core team. I am sure this move  will save a lot in national resources and limit  human tragedies.

 

Jobs: Need to rethink

promote
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Jobs: Need to rethink

Lack of jobs, a favorite topic everywhere, from drawing rooms to streets of India. Simplistic conclusion arrived at. Popular being blame the central government or any other soft target. This favorite activity leads to creating false and misleading one sided versions. The same are then disseminated. Thus root of problem is not addressed and only short term methods are adopted to assuage criticism. Due to this short sighted approach, the sufferers are youth of India. They are aspiring for meaningful life and the solution is not being addressed in totality. The problem requires a long term solution. Solution requires deeper understanding of total problem.

To my mind there is structural mismatch in preparing the work force for future meaningful utilization. The utilization perspective has to be of 30 to 40 years. The system of education and skill development requires a long drawn effort, in which all the constituents must participate willingly and proactively side stepping their own interests. The society has assigned various names and adjective to uneducated and under employed. I think it is very unfair. A sympathetic approach is required. To my mind an under employed person is product of an in-efficient system, prevailing since Independence. With our expertise in governance and resource availability this problem can be handled.

The rural based youth haven’t been as lucky as metro based youth in respect of facilities for education and personal growth. Essential inputs are important for growth of human potential. Only such triggers and inputs can lead to better performance and utilization. The difference between rural youth and me is that I have enjoyed all the benefits of growth since independence of India. I am a product of an affluent society. I have had advantages of growth of quality education in India. The systematic growth since independence, guidance by parent and society has helped me to attain better intellect and status in life. Though there are enough examples of diligent luminaries who have risen despite the disadvantages in education and personal growth. The examples are far and few. Their examples cannot be justification for an in- efficient system or not providing growth stimulus to youth in the Indian heartland. We as a society cannot let the down the significant portion of our potential wealth creator. Apart from economic growth creation and growth of economic growth, in infra structure and growth of relevant human capital is essential.

For planning effective use of manpower in a country active participation of the centre, states, educational institutions, industry and society is required. The efforts have to be coordinated and synchronized, to achieve maximum synergy. More than that there has to be system &sub system accountability. To my mind the role of Central Government is to provide stable structure for economic growth of the country. Also included is foreign policy for growth of trade and commerce. The central government’s major role is of facilitation. Sound growth of institutions for internal and external economical development leading to better investment opportunities and stable environment. To my mind, the educational policy and associated curriculum cannot be made by central government. They are a as a compromise to national cultural diversity. They should mad at state keeping in mind state level requirements. Education is on the concurrent list. They should be accountable for education system.

The states administration should play a major role in planning for utilization of manpower required for growth of economic activity. Their role is to ensure growth of economic activity, law and order and basic infrastructure like roads, energy and labor relations.

In addition the states are responsible for laying down and implementing educational policies. The states are to ensure basic teaching of 3R. These are a basic skills taught in schools: reading, writing and arithmetic. The syllabus in this concept is considered enough for an individual to acquire basic skills. Education right from start has to be future oriented with likely utilization in mind. Utilization also is also dependent on end product in mind for various earning skills. Sifting and grading at level will be beneficial both to students and the state. The education system has to understand this basic requirement.

India being rural based economy needs manpower to be associated with agro based farming & industries. Apart from basic education, an individual requires local skills which encourage self employment in rural environment. Utilization of human capital in local environment will check migration to other states. The end product of education should be to be a wealth creator, who starts adding to nation GDP, by the age 15 years. Apart from having job ready skills, the education system should teach basics of good citizenships. This will make younger generation immune to social tensions and not swayed easily.

Liberals relax. India has a bigger problem at hand. A change in mindset is required where more priority is to action plan on ground and not on slogans.

The value system in society also needs change of mindset. The value of doing an honest job has been lost. The societal l preference is for government / white collared jobs where there is mismatch between productivity and earnings. Blue collared jobs are not preferred because of honest labor and no hidden perks. Feeling being that white collar jobs tend to generate additional income at a lesser effort. There needs to be a change in mind set. In Indian mindset. Then only better talent will migrate to technical training and technical jobs required all over India. Examples being repair of TV, mobiles, pumps and generators pump rep air conditioning jobs.

Sad to say all political parties have played a role of disruption like closure of institutions, creating social tensions, Lock outs etc. Gainers have been political parties and the losers are the youth. Perhaps there may be a co-relation between political instability and unemployed.

Every business asks for facilities and concessions to start new industry. Benefits to locals are cited as a reason for concessions. The benefits to locals accrue to at much later stage. If I had some say, I would insist on starting training institutions at the time of allotment of land. Aim being to train locals in meeting the future skills and requirement of new industry. By the time the project is ready, the absorption rate of locals must increase on basis of their merit and not quota.
Businesses are expected to think ahead in areas of investment, new technologies trends. They must ensure the flow of information downstream to the states. This will facilitate planning of new syllabus or /modifying existing syllabus. This role must be undertaken by business chambers and training institutions. Information on industry requirements, about future technology induction will help technical institutions to equip themselves, to revise syllabus, upgrade teaching competencies Examples could be of car/auto/TV repairs. With rural consumption the availability of goods has increased. Why should not manufacturers of cars/TV provide assistance in setting up training institutions. The incentives to them should also be linked to quality of technical manpower upgraded. The Human Resource (HR) professionals can counsel job aspirants on short comings and advice areas of upgrade.

Finally who should supervise visitors the state level implementation. Visitors from Delhi or personnel from states, as they have better knowledge of state rural needs. A greater accountability till district level should be enforced. Till we do not have unemployment as nations will, I do not think the problem can be solved. Youth will suffer and social tensions will increase. Let us put aside our gains, and priorities but act. They will turn naught if this problem is not handled. The nation acted in 1962 and can act again.

Warning for Dengue treatment in TN and elimination of cross pathy must go together

S Ranganathan
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Warning for Dengue treatment in TN and elimination of cross pathy must go together

The strict warning served to all private medical practitioners in Tamil Nadu in dealing patients with fever during this monsoon season in order to control Dengue episode is a positive move by the Government of Tamil Nadu. We must note that the Siddha herbal decoction is being given to healthy people in bus stops, bazaar and in public places and the same must be encouraged so that the people can recognise the bitter truth that the herbal decoction is not a drug for Dengue and instead it may be some way useful to healthy people however no undeniable scientific evidence is available right now.  Even Siddha fraternity is not in a position to offer any unambiguous, scientific answer on the clinical efficacy of their herbal decoction.

While serving strict warning to all those private medical practitioners settled especially in rural areas, cross pathy by vaid, either traditional or those institutionally qualified also must be stopped because the medical misadventure by them is nothing but quackery where patients are treated for fever without knowing the etiology, is equally dangerous.

The innocent display of ignorance which is believed to be as an act of wise thinking or prudent medical service is far more dangerous and hence the Government of Tamil Nadu should appoint state wide squads to monitor cross pathy by vaidyas in rural areas of Tamil Nadu and only then the medication health fraud and the associated medical disaster we can prevent especially when the climatic factors in the state is quite conducive for Dengue.

The poor and uneducated people in rural Tamil Nadu are the one often fall prey to quackery and cross pathy. The medication health fraud can be prevented totally only when the government define the role of AYUSH as pre-medical, paramedical and post disease management approach than promoting the same as medical science. Traditional healing practice cannot be literally translated as medical science nor can those graduated from such healing practices be designated as doctor.

Poor and uneducated people cannot differentiate medical science and traditional healing practices. Traditional healing practices are pre-medication recipes or practices and their use in treating any disease is quite limited to nil. When a patient approaches the vaidya with a definite medical problem, naturally the vaidya would find almost nothing to offer from his or her kitty as ‘DRUG’ to treat the medical problem like allopathy. But from the patient’s point of view, the vaidya that they have consulted must provide treatment to their medical problem like allopathic doctor. This situation preludes cross pathy and medication health fraud.

If vaidya refer such patients to allopathic doctor and provide their service and expertise to make healthy people conscious about their health, how to maintain and protect health, how not to fall ill, what are the recipes and lifestyle changes they must adopt during different seasons, how important is mental health for physical health, how spirituality, morality and divine belief can assure wellness etc., certainly AYUSH would grow significantly and also India shall become health and happy thanks to AYUSH.

Today AYUSH exist in India mostly due to several manufacturing companies. The licensing norms for new AYUSH products become quite tough and time consuming. This impediment is also pushing the progress of AYUSH backward. The license norms for AYUSH products must be simple, like food recipes, quality norms must be fixed and more proprietary recipes must be encouraged so that newness and vibrancy would come to AYUSH.

Most of the ingredients used in making AYUSH recipes are used in various culinary preparations and hence the recipes of AYUSH are if treated as extension of food recipe, the system would progress and be useful to humanity.

AYUSH is a wellness based, health promoting and restoring system and not medical science. The paramedical tag if is given to AYUSH and its role is defined well, not only we can eliminate cross pathy and medication health fraud but also we can re-invent the significance and relevance of AYUSH to our society. Cross pathy has certainly impaired the credibility of Siddha system in Tamil Nadu owes to some institutionally qualified Siddha vaidya in private practice.

How to bring high profile people to justice

Gireeraaj
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How to bring high profile people to justice

Aditya, from middle class family was shot dead by the Ricky (son of a Bihar MLC) on May 7, 2016 for overtaking his car. Police didn’t arrest the accused for many days, didn’t collect proper evidence, leaving several legal loopholes behind, allowing his MLC mother to run away from the arrest.

A group of UP police men set fire to a journalist on behalf of a state minister because the journalist dared to write truth against the minister. The incident was highlighted by almost all media houses for numerous days. The victim’s family was threatened, cajoled and finally the case went into cold storage and effectively nothing happened against neither the policemen nor the minister.

There are many more such cases in our country where powerful people were involved. The police, court and the state Govt machinery are unable to a file proper case against such people with sufficient evidences and do not manage to get them punished.

Mr Omprakash Chautala, his son and various other people were involved in primary teachers’ appointment in Haryana during his tenure as the CM. This case was investigated by the Delhi police and heard by Delhi court. Proper evidences could be collected because investigation was not done by own state police and monitored by supreme court and the court proved the culprits guilty and punished them accordingly. This decision was approved by the higher courts. Presently, the fugitives are behind the bars. This is one of such rare instances against a Chief Minister, where they were subjected to repercussions.

Jayalalitha‘s case of disproportionate asset was heard by the Bengaluru court (outside own state) and was sentenced to 4 years of imprisonment. It was the first case when an incumbent Chief Minister had to step down after verdict.

All these examples convey various facts, few of them are

State police and all agencies involved in investigation face tremendous pressure and find it difficult to investigate free and fairly any case involving high and mighty people in the state such as the ministers, MLAs, MPs, senior bureaucrat. The police don’t collect proper evidence; leaves behind various legal shortcomings which allows them to escape. Few of such instances mentioned above and more are like: Manu Sharma in Jessica Lal case, Salman Khan hit and run case.

There are higher chances of better investigation and prosecution if cases are investigated by high court/Supreme Court monitored SIT or CBI.

There are low chances of free and fair investigation and trial by any machinery against their own higher ups while being in chair or influential people in same jurisdiction. How can a state machinery investigate without fear and favour against a sitting CM?
What is the way out?

There is no error free way out of this until our system becomes more transparent, accountable and some better way out is found to handle such situations. The police should be free from the control of politicians and more independent in working as recommended by The Supreme Court as part of Police reforms.

Few options which can help in this direction in current scenario are

The case involving powerful people must be immediately transferred to the nearby state police, court where the ruling party is different. Say if Bihar’s ruling parties are RJD-JDU and an MLC’s son has committed a crime then such case must be transferred to nearby state with different ruling party (preferably which is not even partner with this party in any coalition). Say this case is transferred to Jharkhand where BJP is in power. The objective will be to get a police force, doctors and court, which can work independently without any political interference, favour or fear. The investigating police should be given complete freedom like asking the local police for any raid etc. It will reduce chances of culprit getting local police favour.

Central independent agencies like the Supreme Court (or any appointed body) or the CBI should immediately come in action to assign such cases to an appropriate state, as discussed above.
Mutual nexus situation must be avoided. For example the Bihar cases handled in Jharkhand and the Jharkhand case in Bihar. It has a chance of mutual benefit (you scratch my back, i scratch your back) so must be avoided.

Take care to avoid any such nexus among more than 2 states as well. Suppose state A cases are handled by state B. State B cases are handled by state C and state C cases are handled by state A. It is possible to establish a nexus among these states. Such situations must be avoided even if cases are required to go to a farther state.

The media has done a good job of covering high profile cases at every level in few cases and got the culprit punished in the cases of Jessica Lal, Nitesh Katara etc. The media should cover these cases at each step till the end, rather than just highlighting for few days and then forgetting.

Public demonstrations put immense pressure on the Govt, investigation agencies and the court like in the case of Nirbhaya. The court had sentenced in record time period. Police had investigated efficiently collecting and examining all evidences, leaving no legal loophole behind.

Social media is very powerful tool which could create wonders without people physically going on streets. One such good example is file online petition on website www.change.org. People may create such more platforms and start incident specific campaign to get people support. This support may be covered by media and/or forwarded to right institutes like PM, CM, honourable High/Supreme court etc.

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