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2024 के चुनाओं की चुनौतियां

myvoice1969
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2024 के चुनाओं की चुनौतियां

2014 के चुनाव में आज का विपक्ष सत्ता में था और रक्षात्मक भूमिका में था। उसके पहले के वर्षों में लगातार घोटालों के पर्दाफाश हो रहे थे, देश की आर्थिक स्थिति बद से बदतर हो रही थी, आतंकवाद के नियमित प्रहार हो रहे थे और महंगाई समाज के बड़े तबके का दम घोंट रही थी। ऐसी स्थिति में मोदी, गुजरात मॉडल के ध्वज के साथ एक धूमकेतु की तरह राष्ट्रीय राजनीति के क्षितिज पर चमके और छा गए।

2019 तक विपक्ष को यह समझ आ चुका था कि मोदी की ईमानदार छवि ही उनकी सबसे बड़ी ताकत है। इसलिए रणनीति के तहत यह तय किया गया कि इस छवि पर हमला किया जाय। इस रणनीति का आधार वही पुराना तर्क था कि राजनीति तथ्यों पर नहीं बनाए गए माहौल पर चलती है। इसी रणनीति के तहत 2004 के आम चुनाव में, अटलजी के सफल कार्यकाल के बावजूद गोधरा काण्ड में 59 हिंदुओं को जिंदा जलाने के बाद हुए दंगो के सन्दर्भ में भाजपा पर भ्रामक और मिथ्या आरोप लगा कर, जीत हासिल की गई थी।

इसलिए 2019 के आम चुनाव के पहले राफेल का झूठ गढ़ा गया। भारतीय राजनीति के स्तर को अभूतपूर्व निचले स्तर पर ले जाते हुए चौकीदार चोर है का नारा लगाया गया। अधेड़ युवा, मंच से इस उम्मीद से चीखता रहा कि किसी को सौ बार चोर बोला जाए तो लोग उसे वास्तव में चोर मानने लगते है। इतिहास में इस रणनीति के आधार पर अटल जी और रिचर्ड निक्सन जैसे लोगो को बलि चढ़ा दिया गया था, इसलिए शायद इसे एक अचूक रणनीति माना गया होगा। परन्तु सोशल मीडिया ने ये सारे समीकरण गलत साबित कर दिए। झूठ सतत झूठ साबित होता रहा। लोग झांसे में नहीं आए और मोदी एक बार पुनः, और अधिक मजबूत बहुमत के साथ, सत्ता में आ गए।

अब 2024 की बिसात बिछ रही है। दस वर्ष बाद भी मोदी जी की लोकप्रियता में कोई कमी नहीं आई है। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय छवि और अधिक निखरी ही है। देश आज सभी अंतरराष्ट्रीय मंचों पर अहम स्थान रखने लगा है। COVID के बावजूद निरंतर विकास चल रहा है। बॉलीवुड के बावलों से लेकर न्याय व्यवस्था के मठाधीशों तक, भ्रामक भाषणों से लेकर सफेद झूठ तक और टुकड़े टुकड़े के आवाहन से लेकर धार्मिक संस्थाओं के संचालन तक सब कुछ आजमाया जा चुका है और सब कुछ बुरी तरह असफल रहा है।

दूसरी और राष्ट्रीय चेतना, सनातन के प्रति आदर, इतिहास के प्रति गर्व और संस्कृति के प्रति लगाव हर दिन बढ़ता जा रहा हैं। यही वे तत्व जिनसे कोई राष्ट्र शक्तिशाली और समृद्ध बनता है। इन्ही तत्वों को एक सोची समझी रणनीति के तहत विदेशी धन और देशी राय बहादुरों के माध्यम से हमसे दूर रखा गया था।

देश के नागरिकों में राष्ट्रवाद, इतिहास और संस्कृति के प्रति बढ़ता गर्व, पूरे विश्व में बढ़ता भारत का वर्चस्व, हमारी समृद्धि में होता चहुंमुखी विकास, देश के रूप में बढ़ती हमारी आर्थिक एवं सामरिक शक्ति। देश और विदेश की भारत विरोधी शक्तियों के सीनों पर सांप लौट रहे हैं। और इस सब परिवर्तन का केंद्र सिर्फ एक व्यक्ति है – नरेंद्र मोदी!

इसलिए किसी भी कीमत पर नरेंद्र मोदी से 2024 में छुटकारा पाना है। वो स्वयं कोई मौका दे नहीं रहे। देश में संभव सारे दांव चले जा चुके हैं और असफल रहे हैं। इसलिए अब विदेशों से आक्रमण हो रहे हैं।

BBC का वृत्त चित्र और अडानी पर हमला तो सिर्फ शंखनाद है। आने वाले लगभग पंद्रह माह क्षुद्र, देशविरोधी और खतरनाक राजनीति से भरे होने की प्रबल संभावना है। विपक्ष और देश विरोधी तत्व के बीच विभाजन रेखा धूमिल तो हो ही चुकी है, गायब भी हो सकती है। मोदी का पांच वर्ष और रहना भारत विरोधी शक्तियों, उनकी देशी कठपुतलियों और उन कठपुतलियों के पिछलग्गुओं के लिए असहनीय तो है ही, अस्तित्व पर संकट भी है। इनमे से कईं उम्र के उस दौर में हैं कि अब उन्हें दूसरा मौका नहीं मिलेगा। इसलिए येन केन प्रकारेण उन्हे मोदी को हटाना है। वे इसके लिए किसी भी हद तक गिर सकते है।

ऐसी परिस्थिति में एक आम राष्ट्रवादी नागरिक को जागरूक रहना जरूरी है। यह आवश्यक है कि हम स्वयं भ्रमित न हो और अपने प्रभाव क्षेत्र के लोगों को भी भ्रमित न होने दे।

ऐसा समझा जा सकता है कि आने वाले पंद्रह महीने हम सब एक युद्ध की स्थिति में हैं। वैचारिक युद्ध… जो कि हमारे राष्ट्र की नियति तय करेगा। इस युद्ध में अगर हम गिलहरी योगदान भी दे सके तो वह हमारे जीवन का स्वर्णिम कार्य होगा।

श्रीरंग पेंढारकर
04/02/2023

Global economic forecast: Facing the tough time ahead

trradhakrishnan
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Global economic forecast: Facing the tough time ahead

World Bank in their recent January 2023 press release predicted ‘Sharp, Long-lasting Slowdown to Hit Developing Countries Hard” and “2023 global growth to slow to 1.7% from 3% expected six months ago” “Global growth is slowing sharply in the face of elevated inflation, higher interest rates, reduced investment, and disruptions caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, according to the World Bank’s latest Global Economic Prospects report”.

“The global economy is projected to grow by 1.7% in 2023 and 2.7% in 2024. The sharp downturn in growth is expected to be widespread, with forecasts in 2023 revised down for 95% of advanced economies and nearly 70% of emerging market and developing economies.” Over the next two years, per-capita income growth in emerging market and developing economies is projected to average 2.8%- a full percentage point lower than 2010-2019 average.

In Sub-Saharan Africa—which accounts for about 60% of the world’s extreme poor—growth in per capita income over 2023-24 is expected to average just 1.2%, a rate that could cause poverty rates to rise, not fall. “The crisis facing development is intensifying as the global growth outlook deteriorates,” said World Bank Group President David Malpass.

“Emerging and developing countries are facing a multi-year period of slow growth driven by heavy debt burdens and weak investment as global capital is absorbed by advanced economies faced with extremely high government debt levels and rising interest rates. Weakness in growth and business investment will compound the already-devastating reversals in education, health, poverty, and infrastructure and the increasing demands from climate change.”

“Excluding China, growth in emerging market and developing economies is expected to decelerate from 3.8% in 2022 to 2.7% in 2023, reflecting significantly weaker external demand compounded by high inflation, currency depreciation, tighter financing conditions, and other domestic headwinds.”

“By the end of 2024, GDP levels in emerging and developing economies will roughly 6% below levels expected before pandemic. Although global inflation is expected to moderate, it will remain above pre-pandemic levels”. India growth is illustrated as per the chart here below.

INDICATORS (PERCENTAGE)FINANCIAL YEAR 2021-2022    FINANCIAL YEAR 2022-2023FINANCIAL YEAR 2023-2024  
Real GDP growth, at constant market price  8.7  6.9  6.6
Private Consumption    7.9  9.4  6.7
Government Consumption    2.6  4.1  6.7
Gross Fixed Capita Formation    15.8  9.5  5.1
Exports, Goods and Services    24.3  10.4  9.0
Imports, Goods and Services    35.5  15.4  10.2
    
Real GDP Growth and Constant Factor Services    8.1  6.6  6.4
Agriculture  3.03.43.6
Industries  10.35.05.8
Services  8.48.47.6

(Source: National Statistics Office and World Bank Forecast FY: 22-23 and FY: 23-24)

The world Bank predicts “emerging market and developing economies is expected to decelerate from 3.8% in 2022 to 2.7% in 2023, and “By the end of 2024, GDP levels in emerging and developing economies will roughly 6% below levels expected before pandemic” which may affect Indian economy also and the worst sufferers will be those coming under the category of MSME sector for the reason that  the regulatory policies adopted by the Government and RBI under their Resolution Framework – 2.0: Resolution of Covid-19 related stress of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are going to come to end by 31st March 2023 when the repayment of loans after the moratorium period will commence from 1st of April 2023 onwards.

The pertinent question is, are the industry and commerce sector particularly MSMEs have come out of their liquidity crisis to deal with their financial commitments specifically with regard to their bank loans?

Whereas the large industries have the resilient power to tide over the crisis, it is the MSME sector that is facing the dilemma regarding their financial commitments. The pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of MSME sector and the weaker sections of the society due to utter inadequacy of policy framework to support the vulnerable sections on account of pandemic shocks and uncertain business environment. Unpredictability of future and its gory effects have been exposed.

Besides, the devastating effect of climate change creating natural calamities of great magnitude, worsening geo political situation especially ranging hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and the ongoing global power crisis, spreading terrorisms in many parts of the world and deteriorating economic situations in many countries aggravate the already worsening global financial and business environment.

The severe impact of pandemic created unsustainable scarcity of demand and supply because of which cash flow came to a standstill. SME struggled to retain their work force on account of lack of financial resources and delayed payment. Even they were not able to invest in new business opportunities or equipment due to lack of funds. Yet another reality factor is the threatening re-emergence of the corona variant and the impending global recession predicted by World Bank and the effect of these on global economy.

The basic question is whether the MSME sector has come out of their cash flow crisis and ready to fulfil their financial commitment to their bankers and financial institutions and other creditors. Is the market recovered from its pandemic shock and ready to face the vagaries of the uncertain future?

Press release put out by Ministry of Finance, Government of India on ECONOMIC SURVEY 2022-2023 highlights that “Indian economy staging a broad based recovery across sectors, positioning to ascend to pre-pandemic growth path in FY23” and that “State of the Economy 2022-23: Recovery Complete” Further, while industry is showing steady credit recovery, “Credit to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has grown by an average of around 30% since January 2022 and credit to large industry has been showing double-digit growth since October 2022.”

In keeping with the Economic Survey of optimism and hope, the budget presented by Finance Minister also taken some steps for the adequate flow of funds for MSME sector, easing of doing business, revamping of guarantee scheme to help the distressed smaller units under MSMEs which have cheered the MSME sector. While the intent of the Government is very clear, the ultimate success depends on how these schemes are going to be implemented down the line effectively.

While the optimism and hope with which the Government has taken the positive budgetary steps are praiseworthy, neither the economic survey nor the annual budget touched upon the World Bank report on Global Economic Forecast and its warning which states, “Given fragile economic conditions, any new adverse development—such as higher-than-expected inflation, abrupt rises in interest rates to contain it, a resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, or escalating geopolitical tensions—could push the global economy into recession. This would mark the first time in more than 80 years that two global recessions have occurred within the same decade.”

The economic survey or the budget envisage any counter action to be undertaken if the World Bank predictions come true. The probability and the possibility of any untoward calamity taking place at any time beyond anybody’s control cannot be overlooked and people cannot be caught unaware. It is time for the industry and business to undertake a review of their current financial status and performance analysis to understand their capacity to meet their financial commitments and the future shocks, if it strikes.

Therefore, it is advisable that the borrowers should approach their banks and financial institutions in case they feel any stress factor to seek their help and guidance from their banks and financial institutions at the earliest much before their loan repayment commitment starts. Complacency and indifferent attitude should be avoided to prevent greater catastrophe.

It is always better to remember that “PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE.”

 (T. R. Radhakrishnan)

(The Author invites comments from readers and he can be contacted through his email [email protected])

Cracking down on financial crimes: The prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 in action

siddharthamishra
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Cracking down on financial crimes: The prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 in action

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) is a crucial piece of legislation aimed at combating the practice of money laundering in India. Money laundering refers to the process of disguising illegally acquired money as legitimate funds, and PMLA was enacted to prevent such activities and provide for the confiscation of property derived from money laundering.

The Act applies to all individuals and entities involved in money laundering, including banks, financial institutions, intermediaries, and professionals. The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) is designated as the central authority responsible for receiving, processing, and analyzing information related to suspicious financial transactions. It is also authorized to freeze or seize assets suspected of being involved in money laundering.

PMLA outlines strict penalties for money laundering offenses, including rigorous imprisonment for a term ranging from three to seven years, and fines that can range from the value of the proceeds of the crime to three times that value. The Director of Enforcement is the enforcement authority responsible for investigating and prosecuting money laundering cases and has the power to attach or seize property believed to be involved in the crime.

To ensure compliance, financial institutions and intermediaries are required to maintain records of transactions and report any suspicious transactions to the FIU. PMLA has made it more difficult for individuals and entities to launder money and increased the accountability of financial institutions and intermediaries by requiring them to comply with reporting and record-keeping requirements.

Some of the key sections of PMLA include Section 3, which defines money laundering, Section 4, which outlines the punishment for money laundering offenses, Section 5, which provides for the attachment and confiscation of property, Section 12, which requires the reporting of suspicious transactions, Section 15, which appoints the Director of Enforcement, and Section 17, which provides for search and seizure.

In conclusion, PMLA is an effective tool in the fight against money laundering and has helped to create a more secure and transparent financial environment in India. The Act’s provisions demonstrate the government’s commitment to cracking down on financial crimes and maintaining the integrity of the financial system.

प्रधानमंत्री किसान सम्मान निधि योजना (PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana) ऑनलाइन आवेदन, स्थिति व किसान फ्री नम्बर

shivam5545
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प्रधानमंत्री किसान सम्मान निधि योजना (PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana) ऑनलाइन आवेदन, स्थिति व किसान फ्री नम्बर

प्रधानमंत्री किसान सम्मान निधि योजना (PM kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana)- यह भारत सरकार की एक पहल है छोटे एवं सीमांत किसानो के लिए जिनका कृषि से मुश्किल से पेट भर पाता है। उन लोगो को हर वर्ष 6000 रूपये उनके खातो में देने का काम केंद्र की सरकार कर रही है यह योजना छोटे किसानो के लिए बहुत अच्छी है।

प्रधानमंत्री किसान सम्मान निधि योजना के महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु 
  • इस योजना का जिक्र सर्वप्रथम 1 दिसम्बर 2018 को किया गया था जिसके बाद प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी जी के द्वारा 24 फरवरी 2019 को उत्तर प्रदेश के गोरखपुर से इस महत्वकांक्षी योजना को शुरू किया गया।
  • शुरुआत में केवल 2 हेक्टेयर से कम जमीन वाले किसान ही पात्र थे लेकिन बाद में सभी किसानों के लिए इस योजना को प्रभावी कर दिया गया।
  • जो भी किसान है जिनके पास कृषि योग्य जमीन है हर वर्ष उनके  खातो में 6000 रूपये ट्रान्सफर किये जायेंगे जो की इनको तीन किश्तों में हर वर्ष मिलेंगे अर्थात हर 4 महीने में 2000 रूपये उनके खाते में आएंगे।
  • जिस भी किसान को इस योजना का लाभ लेना है उनको अपने क्षेत्र से सम्बन्धित अधिकारी जेसे पटवारी/ राजस्व अधिकारी / नोडल अधिकारी के पास जाके इस योजना में अपना पंजीकरण करवाना है। नोडल अधिकारी की नियुक्ति उस राज्य की सरकार करती है। जो किसानो को इस योजना से अवगत करता है तथा उनका पंजीकरण उस योजना में करता है।
  • इस योजना के पंजीकरण के लिए हर जगह सरकार द्वारा common service center खोला गया है। जहाँ पर किसान जाके अपना नाम योजना में लिखवा सकते है उसके लिए उन्हें थोड़ी फीस देनी पड़ेगी। अब इस प्रक्रिया को और सरल बना दिया गया है और अपना आवेदन अब घर बैठे किया जा सकता है।
  • सरकार द्वारा इस योजना का पोर्टल चलाया जा रहा है वहां किसान जाके अपना पंजीकरण खुद कर सकता है।अगर वह थोडा बहुत कंप्यूटर या फिर मोबाइल चलाने का ज्ञान रखता है तो वह यह काम खुद बिना किसी की सहायता से कर सकता है।
  • अगर पंजीकरण करते समय कोई गलती हो जाये तो किसान पोर्टल पर जाके हम उसको बदल सकते है।
  • जो किसान इस योजना का लाभ उठाना चाहते है उनके पास उनका खुद का आधार कार्ड होना जरुरी है।
  • किसानो की किश्त उनके बैंक के खातो में directly ट्रान्सफर हो जाएगी। जो खाते जन धन योजना के तहत खोले गये थे उनमे इस योजना के पेसे अपने आप ट्रान्सफर हो जायेंगे। इस तरह सरकार की हर एक योजना एक दूसरे से कनेक्टेड है।

कौन प्रधानमंत्री किसान सम्मान निधि योजना का लाभ नही उठा सकते? कौन प्रधानमंत्री किसान सम्मान निधि योजना का लाभ नही उठा सकते?

  • संविधानिक पदों पर आसीन लोग
  • लोकसभा राज्यसभा के सदस्य, मंत्रीगण, विधान सभा विधान परिषद के सदस्य, महापौर नगर निगम, जिला पंचायत के अध्यक्ष।
  • ऐसे लोग जो केंद्र या फिर राज्य के किसी लाभ के पद पर हों वो भी इस योजना का लाभ नही उठा पाएंगे।
  • जिन लोगों ने पिछले वित् वर्ष में अपना आयकर भरा हो वो भी इस योजना के लिए योग्य नही हैं।

PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Form Apply Online Registration – प्रधानमन्त्री किसान सम्मान निधि फॉर्म आवेदन 2023

अगर आप ऐसे किसान हैं जिन्होंने अभी तक पीएम किसान सम्मान निधि योजना के लिए रजिस्ट्रेशन नहीं किया है तो देर किस बात की आप इस योजना का लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए घर बैठे ही ऑनलाइन रजिस्ट्रेशन एवं आवेदन कर सकते हैं रजिस्ट्रेशन कैसे करना इसकी पूरी प्रक्रिया को नीचे समझाया गया है। रजिस्ट्रेशन करने के लिए नीचे दिए गए तरीके को अपनाएं-

  • सबसे पहले किसी भी ब्राउज़र में जाकर आधिकारिक वेबसाइट pmkisan.gov.in ओपन करें।
  • मुख्य पृष्ठ पर “नया किसान पंजीकरण” लिखा हुआ मिलेगा उस पर क्लिक करें।
  • अपना आधार कार्ड नंबर, मोबाइल नंबर दर्ज करें तथा अपना राज्य चुनें। अब आपके आधार कार्ड से लिंक मोबाइल नंबर पर एक ओटीपी भेजा जाएगा उस ओटीपी को दर्ज करें और आगे बढ़ें।
  • निवास प्रमाण पत्र, कृषक होने का प्रमाण पत्र, आधार कार्ड, पैन कार्ड, खाता खतौनी की नकल, पासपोर्ट साइज फोटो, बैंक अकाउंट का विवरण, आय प्रमाण पत्र की जानकारी भरें और आगे बढ़ें।
  • अब अपने दस्तावेज स्कैन करके अपलोड करें
  • दस्तावेज अपलोड करके सबमिट करने के बाद आपका रजिस्ट्रेशन नंबर आपको प्राप्त हो जाएगा। फॉर्म का स्टेटस देखने के लिए आधार नंबर का यूज किया जा सकता है।

पीएम किसान आवेदन फॉर्म की स्थिति कैसे चेक करें

अब आप घर बैठे अपने आवेदन फॉर्म की स्थिति को भी देख सकते हैं या यूं कहें कि अपने फॉर्म का स्टेटस चेक कर सकते हैं पीएम किसान लाभार्थी स्थिति देखने की प्रक्रिया को नीचे समझाया गया है-

  • सबसे पहले विभाग की ऑफिशियल वेबसाइट pmkisan.gov.in पर विजिट करें।
  • होम पेज पर आने के बाद आपको status of self registered ऑप्शन दिखाई देगा उस पर क्लिक करें।
    अब अपना आधार नंबर और कैप्चा कोड भरकर सर्च बटन पर क्लिक करें।

सर्च बटन पर क्लिक करते ही आपके सामने आवेदन का पूरा विवरण खुलकर आ जाएगा जिसमें आप चेक कर सकते हैं कि आवेदन कहां पर लंबित है यदि आपका आवेदन अस्वीकार होता है तो आवेदन अस्वीकार होने का कारण भी दर्ज रहेगा।

नोट- जिन किसान भाइयों ने अभी तक अपनी ई-केवाईसी कंप्लीट नहीं की है वह जल्द से जल्द इसे पूरा कर लें। पहले किसान भाइयों को बायोमेट्रिक मशीन पर अंगूठा लगाकर ई-केवाईसी करानी पड़ती थी लेकिन इस प्रक्रिया को और सरल बनाया गया है और अब घर बैठे ओटीपी के माध्यम से इस प्रक्रिया को पूरा किया जा सकता है इसीलिए जल्द से जल्द ई-केवाईसी की प्रक्रिया को पूरा करा लें।

किसान सम्मान निधि योजना शिकायत: खाते में राशि न आने पर क्या करें?

अगर आप पीएम किसान निधि योजना के पुराने लाभार्थी है और आपके अकाउंट में अभी तक किस्त के पैसे नहीं पहुंचे हैं तो चिंता करने की कोई जरूरत नहीं। आप विभाग को इसके बारे में अवगत करा सकते हैं कि हमारा पैसा क्यों नहीं आ रहा है इसके लिए आप ऑफिशियल मेल आईडी पर संपर्क कर सकते हैं। विभाग की ऑफिशियल ईमेल आईडी है [email protected] इसके अलावा आप टोल फ्री नंबर 1800115526 या हेल्पलाइन नंबर 155261 अथवा 011-23381092 पर कॉल कर सकते हैं और अपनी समस्या बता सकते हैं। आप एक बार अपनी शिकायत दर्ज करा देते हैं तो आपकी समस्या का निराकरण जल्दी से जल्दी किया जा सकेगा।

किन गलतियों से आपका फॉर्म रिजेक्ट होता है

फॉर्म भरते वक्त कुछ मानवीय त्रुटियां हो जाती है जिसके कारण आपका फॉर्म रिजेक्ट हो जाता है आपके फॉर्म रिजेक्ट होने के कई कारण हो सकते हैं जिनमें से कुछ निम्नलिखित हैं-

  • बैंक खाता संख्या और आईएफएससी कोड गलत हो जाना
  • खसरा खतौनी से संबंधित जानकारी का गलत होना
  • किसान का बैंक खाता बंद होना
  • बैंक का नाम और आईएफएससी कोड अलग-अलग होना
  • ई केवाईसी को पूरा ना किया जाना
  • किसान की आयु 18 वर्ष से कम होना

यही कुछ कारण है जिनसे आपका फॉर्म निरस्त हो सकता है कृपया फॉर्म भरते वक्त अपनी जानकारी को सही-सही भरें ताकि भविष्य में किसी भी तरह की समस्या का सामना ना करना पड़े।

उम्मीद है आप इस लेख के माध्यम से किसान सम्मान निधि योजना के ऑनलाइन आवेदन व फॉर्म की स्थिति चेक करने से संबंधित प्रक्रिया को समझ गए होंगे। धन्यवाद।।

The rising economy & globalisation in India

Priya
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The rising economy & globalisation in India

INTRODUCTION:

India is no longer lagging behind. With each day, India is becoming more successful in almost all terms, be it in economy, trading, globalization, or technology. India is going ahead with all of it.

From the last few years, India has been growing with its utmost potential.

From a British colony to an independent India, this journey was not easy, yet not the most difficult for India.

Today’s India is way stronger and more powerful diplomatically than before. India has good relations with almost all corners of the globe. 

ECONOMY:

India is ranked as the fifth largest economy in the world. Also, recently India has overtaken UK in the list of economy rankings of the world. This is a proof, that India’s Economy is rapidly rising and there is a very high chance that soon, our country India will be a Superpower country in the world. There is also a probability that India may cover 3rd economy rank by 2029. As per RBI (Reserve Bank of India), stated that “India is set to be USD 3.7 trillion economy in the year 2023.”

With the advanced use of technology, our country Trade & Commerce is also very rapidly rising. There are many start-ups starting. Many foreign-based companies are willing to come to India, because they know that India is soon going to achieve a great success in the terms of Trade & Commerce.

GLOBALISATION:

In the terms of Globalisation, India has started it’s Globalisation in the year 1991, with the suggestion of IMF (International Monetary Fund).

The Globalisation in India has a drastic impact on India’s economic condition. Due to which the average annual rate has grown from 3.5% (1980 –1990) to 7.7% (2002–2012). That rate was on it’s peak at 9.5% from 2005 to 2008. The Globalisation has also helped India in the terms of economy.

Indian businesses are also going Global nowadays. Many Indian companies has successfully taken over as a well-known companies in the world, like for example: Infosys, Tata Group etc. are some of the well known Multinational companies.

CONCLUSION:

A country’s or a nation’s economy can be improved if proper decision-making is supported by a good governing body. This is also followed by a good literacy rate among the citizenry. A better use of a country’s budget is also a very crucial purpose. If a country is at peace with almost no conflicts or violence, it can be the best place ever. These were some facts with which a country or a nation can become even more successful.

स्वर्ण पदक अपना: भारतीय हॉकी का अधूरा सपना

mahipal9
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0
स्वर्ण पदक अपना: भारतीय हॉकी का अधूरा सपना

और इस तरह एक और हॉकी विश्व कप का समापन हो गया। जर्मनी ने बेल्जियम को शूटआउट में हराकर तीसरी बार विश्व कप जीत लिया परंतु भारत का विश्व कप का दशकों लंबा इंतजार इस बार भी खत्म नही हुआ। वैसे तो इस टूर्नामेंट में भी भारत का ओवरऑल प्रदर्शन निराशाजनक ही रहा परंतु न्यूज़ीलैंड से मिली करारी हार भारत को बहुत भारी पड़ी और शायद बहुत लंबे समय तक यह कड़ुवाहट भरी हार  याद भी रहने वाली है।

 भारत ने इस निर्णायक मैच में अपने इतने शर्मनाक प्रदर्शन के बारे में कल्पना भी नहीं होगी। स्थितियां इससे अनुकूल पहले कभी नहीं रही थीं। दशकों बाद मिले ओलंपिक कांस्य पदक का आत्मविश्वास, न्यूज़ीलैंड के मुकाबले बहुत अच्छी रैंकिंग, न्यूज़ीलैंड का अपना प्रदर्शन,  भुवनेश्वर के कलिंग स्टेडियम और देश के का करोड़ों दर्शकों का उत्साहवर्धन; पर उस दिन कुछ भी भारत के खिलाड़ियों का हौसला नहीं बढ़ा पाया और अंततः एक सामान्य क्लब स्तर का खेल दिखाकर भारत 9वें स्थान पर खिसक गया।

वर्ल्ड कप के भारत के इतिहास को देखें तो इसमें सिवाय निराशा के कुछ नही दिखाई देता। यह प्रश्न हमेशा अनुत्तरित रहा है कि आखिरी बार सन 1974 के स्वर्ण पदक के बाद भारत क्यों कभी इसे दुबारा नहीं जीत पाया? आइये, जानने की कोशिश करते हैं।

घास और एस्ट्रोटर्फ का अंतर

जब तक हॉकी सही मायनों में फील्ड हॉकी रही अर्थात प्राकृतिक घास पर खेली जाती रही, और जब तक विश्व युद्धों के चलते विकसित और पश्चिमी देशों ने हॉकी की ओर ध्यान नहीं  दिया, भारत ने सन 1928 से 1964 तक हॉकी पर लगभग एकछत्र राज किया और हॉकी के 8  ओलंपिक स्वर्ण पदक समेट लिए। परंतु जैसे ही इन देशों ने हॉकी को संजीदगी से लेना प्रारंभ किया, भारत की हॉकी के पतन के दिन ऐसे प्रारंभ हुए, जो आज तक जारी हैं।

भारत ने आज से लगभग 50 साल पहले 1974 में कुआलालंपुर के विश्वकप में एकलौता स्वर्णकप जीता और ओलंपिक हॉकी का स्वर्ण पदक आखिरी बार 1980 के  मॉस्को खेलों जीता था। 1976 में जब हॉकी प्राकृतिक घास के बजाय एस्ट्रो टर्फ पर अनिवार्य कर दी गई, भारत के लिए ये दो सबसे प्रतिष्ठित टूर्नामेंट दुःस्वप्न बन गए और तब से एक स्वर्ण पदक की आस में भारत का एक नवजात शिशु भी आज पूर्ण प्रौढ़ हो चुका है।

उस समय से आज तक भारत की हॉकी अपने उस स्वर्णिम दौर को छू भी नहीं पाई है। लगभग 100 साल पहले जब भारत ने हॉकी का पहला ओलंपिक स्वर्ण पदक जब सन 1928 में जीता तो वह भारतीय हॉकी के स्वर्णिम युग का आगाज़ था और यह चमक अगले चार दशकों तक जारी रही थी। सन 1964 से भारतीय हॉकी की  बादशाहत ढलान पर चल पड़ी और भारत की हॉकी राज का सूर्य 1980 में लगभग अस्त हो गया। उसके बाद तो भारत की हॉकी की इस हद तक दुर्दशा हुई कि ओलंपिक तो छोड़ ही दीजिये, भारत एशियाई हॉकी में भी शक्ति नहीं रहा। तब से 18  साल बाद भारत ने एशियाई खेलों में स्वर्ण पदक जीता। यद्यपि भारत ने उसके बाद एशियाई स्तर की हॉकी में कुछ अच्छा प्रदर्शन किया, परंतु आज भी अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर भारत का प्रदर्शन बौनों जैसा ही है।

नई हॉकी के सूत्रधार: नवीन पटनायक

इस विश्व कप में भारत के इस दोयम दर्जे के प्रदर्शन से आज सबसे ज्यादा निराश भारत की इस नए युग की हॉकी  के जनक, नवीन पटनायक होंगे। नवीन पटनायक ही भारतीय हॉकी के इस नवजीवन के सूत्रधार हैं परंतु नवीन पटनायक आज के हाई प्रोफाइल राजनीतिज्ञों जैसे ढ़िढोरा नहीं पीटते जिसमें  भारत के प्रधानमंत्री तक भी पीछे नहीं हटते।

बहुत कम लोगों को ज्ञात होगा कि कई सालों से नवीन पटनायक बिना कोई शोरगुल मचाये भारत में हर तरह की हॉकी को प्रमोट करने के लिए प्रयासरत हैं। वह चाहे पुरुष हॉकी हो या फिर जूनियर अथवा महिला हॉकी, नवीन पटनायक ने अपने अकेले दम पर करोड़ों  मूल्य के स्पॉन्सरशिप के साथ हमेशा हॉकी को बढ़ावा दिया है। नवीन पटनायक के प्रयासों का ही परिणाम है कि भारत समय समय पर अंतरराष्ट्रीय हॉकी टूर्नामेंट आयोजित करता रहा है। वह चाहे चैंपियंस ट्रॉफी हो या फिर विश्व कप। यह नवीन पटनायक के ही प्रयास थे कि भारत लगातार 2018 और 2023 में विश्व कप आयोजित कर पाया है भारत में हॉकी की इस पुनर्जीवित लोकप्रियता को देखकर ही बेल्जियम के खिलाड़ी इलियट वैन स्ट्रेडोंक खिसियाकर यहां तक बोल गए कि भारत पैसे की ताकत के बदौलत पिछले चार में से 3 विश्व कप अपने देश में करवा पा रहा है क्योंकि भारत ही वह देश है जो अपने स्टेडियम दर्शकों से भरवा पाता है। यद्यपि यह बात उन्होंने निराशा में कही थी परंतु उनका कथन नवीन पटनायक के प्रयासों की कहानी भी बताता है।

हॉकी इंडिया के पास आज न पैसे की कोई कमी है और न ही इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर की।आज बस कमी है तो टैलेंट की। कुछ लोगों को यह कथन खल सकता है परंतु सत्य शायद यही है। भारत के इस विश्व कप में प्रदर्शन को ही देख लीजिए। यह टीम किसी भी प्रकार से इस टूर्नामेंट को जीतने के लिए प्रतिबद्ध नहीं दिखी। किसी प्रकार से राउंड रॉबिन लीग में वेल्स जैसी टीम से जीतने के बाद जब न्यूज़ीलैंड से प्ले ऑफ का मैच हुआ तो भारत का शर्मनाक प्रदर्शन देखकर अफसोस तो हुआ ही; आश्चर्य भी कि इस टीम ने 2020 का ओलंपिक कांस्य पदक कैसे जीत लिया होगा?

न्यूज़ीलैंड से हार

भारत वरीयता में न्यूज़ीलैंड से 5 स्थान ऊपर 6वें रैंक पर तो था ही, समर्थकों का अपार हुजूम भी अपनी टीम के साथ था।  एक विश्व स्तरीय चैंपियन टीम इतने महत्वपूर्ण टूर्नामेंट में एक दोयम दर्जे की टीम को अपनी लीड यूं ही नहीं गवां देती। भारत ने 3-1 की बढ़त के बाद न्यूज़ीलैंड को बराबरी पर आने का मौका दे दिया और फिर उसके बाद तो मैच ही गवां बैठे। किसी भी विश्व स्तर की टीम में ऐसे खिलाड़ी नहीं होते जैसे भारत के मौजूदा टीम में हैं। साधारण स्तर के खिलाड़ी ही 10 पेनाल्टी कॉर्नर बर्बाद करते हैं। और उस टीम के लिए तो क्या ही कहना जिसके खिलाड़ी अपने घरेलू मैदान में खेलने को अपनी  शक्ति मानने के बजाय एक दबाव मानते हों।

 भारत के दिशाहीन खेल का फायदा जहां न्यूज़ीलैंड ने बराबरी में आने के लिए किया ही वहीं दबाव में अभिषेक और शमशेर शूटआउट ही नहीं कर पाए। और हरमनप्रीत ने तो एक क्लब स्तरीय खिलाड़ी की भांति सीधे-सीधे न्यूज़ीलैंड के गोलकीपर के पैड पर ही बॉल दे दी। और  श्रीजेश के रिटायर हर्ट होने के बाद बाद कृष्ण पाठक जो गोलकीपर के तौर पर आए, ऐसा लगा कि जैसे वह बाग में घूमने आए हों। इस प्रकार के साधारण खिलाड़ियों से हम विश्वकप जीतने की आशा कर ही नहीं सकते थे। सनद रहे, बेल्जियम जैसा देश जो भारत से जनसंख्या में लगभग 150 गुना कम और क्षेत्रफल में लगभग 100 गुना छोटा है, पर वह आज ट्रेनिंग और टैलेंट के चलते नंबर 2 पर है ।

कैसे सुधरे अपनी हॉकी?

भारत को भी अपनी हॉकी गुणवत्ता को बढ़ाने के लिए कई कदम उठाने होंगे। कुछ कदम कड़वे हो सकते हैं पर वह नितांत आवश्यक हैं:

1. मौजूदा टीम में लगभग 50 प्रतिशत खिलाड़ी या तो शारीरिक तौर पर कमजोर हैं या फिर मानसिक रूप से। खेल  के उच्चतम स्तर पर खेल कौशल के साथ साथ शारीरिक और मानसिक रूप से मजबूत होना आवश्यक है और भारत के खिलाड़ी दबाव में आते ही बिखर जाते हैं। ऐसे खिलाड़ियों को हटाया जाना चाहिए।

2. टर्फ में हॉकी होने से खेल की रफ्तार बहुत तेज हो गई है। एशियाई देशों के खिलाड़ी यूरोपियन खिलाड़ियों की तरह तेज भाग नहीं पाते। इसका उपाय यह है कि भारत को अपनी शैली की हॉकी विकसित करनी चाहिए जिसके लिए विदेशी कोच की छुट्टी हो और भारत के पूर्व हॉकी खिलाड़ी इस काम में नियुक्त किये जायें।

3. भारत की टीम जब इस विश्व कप से बाहर हो गई तो एकदम मुक्त होकर खेली । न्यूज़ीलैंड से हारने के बाद,  जापान और दक्षिण अफ्रीका को जिस तरह से भारत ने हराया उससे सिद्ध हो गया कि भारतीय टीम की समस्या शारीरिक से ज्यादा मानसिक है। इसलिए जरूरी है कि टीम के खिलाड़ियों की जूनियर लेवल से ही साइकोलॉजिकल काउंसलिंग होनी चाहिए। उनके अंदर यह भाव भरा जाना चाहिए कि वह ऑस्ट्रेलिया या फिर किसी भी विदेशी टीम को हरा सकते हैं।

4.  भारत की हॉकी लीग का चेहरा और बड़ा होना चाहिए ताकि उससे नई टीम बनाई जा सके और नया टेलेंट सामने आ सके। जब बेल्जियम या ऑस्ट्रेलिया जैसे छोटे देश विश्व विजयी टीम बना सकते हैं और शीर्ष पर बने रह सकते हैं, तो भारत के पास इस प्रकार की साधारण टीम का होना चिंताजनक है जबकि भारत के पास संसाधन भी हैं, धन भी है, जनसंख्या भी है और इस खेल का गौरवमय इतिहास भी है।

Monotheism: Muhammad Vs Musaylimah

Dr Jadabeswar Bhattacharjee
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Monotheism: Muhammad Vs Musaylimah

Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, spent a restless and chaotically violent life with different types of challenges during his last 10 years of prophethood in Medina. Besides the tension between Ansar (locals of Medina who accepted Islam) and Muhajir (those who migrated with Muhammad from Mecca), the prophet of Islam had to fight continuously to suppress individual opponents and tribes of Arabia who refused to accept him as prophet or who ridiculed him.

The infighting among the followers of his immediate circle was also a serious concern for him at that time. In such an unstable situation, Muhammad could neither codify the Quran, nor select his successor definitely before his death. Uttering the words peace be upon him after mentioning the name of prophet of Islam is not without reason.

After the death of Muhammad in AD 632, the succession issue became fierce. Ultimately Abu Bakar, his father-in-law, became the first Caliph (the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler). Muhammad’s death also saw a large group of Muslims leaving Islam across Arabia. To contain the cohort of early converts to Islam from disintegration, Abu Bakar had to fight a series of wars in different parts of Arabia for about one year. He was successful in checking the rebellions and could consolidate the early Muslim community from disintegration. This series of wars is known as Ridda wars (Apostasy wars) in standard Islamic narrative.

There is doubt about whether Ridda wars were of religious or political nature. The so-called Rashidun Caliphate, just after the death of Muhammad, was very small in size covering a small stretch of land from Medina to Mecca, as well as, the area around Sa’na of present-day Yemen. In Ridda wars, a total of 16 wars were fought in different parts of Arabia of which, war of Yamamah was very important. In that war Abu Bakar’s commander defeated and killed Banu Hanifa’s chief Musaylimah, who during Muhammad’s lifetime declared himself a prophet. The success of Ridda wars brought the whole of peninsular Arabia under Muslim control.

But that success did not come so easily. Musaylimah with about 40,000 strong army twice defeated the army of Abu Bakar in Yamamah. Many Hafiz (memorizers of Quran) were said to have been killed in these two battles. Later, under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid, Musaylimah could be defeated on the third attempt and killed. Musaylimah’s followers were located in and around Yamamah in Najd (Central area of Arabia), while Medina and Mecca were in Hajaz (Western area of Arabia). In standard Islamic narrative, Musaylimah has been portrayed negatively for obvious reasons.

During Muhammad’s lifetime, many Arab rebels declared themselves as prophets. And after the death of Muhammad, they raised their heads with assertion. Musaylimah was arguably the strongest contender of prophethood. He even demanded a share of prophet-hood directly from Muhammad when the latter was alive. It seems that during the first half of 7th century Arabia, declaring one as prophet of God was more of a means to gain political power than to answer any divine or spiritual call. Ultimately, it was the survival of the strongest.

Musaylimah was the son of Habib, of the tribe Banu Hanifa, one of the largest tribes of Arabia that inhabited the region of Najd. Musaylimah preached monotheism and his religion was referred to as Sadakiah.  He claimed to receive numerous revelations from God like Muhammad. He taught three daily prayers to God, facing any direction. He criticized Muslims for selecting the Ka’aba as the direction of prayers, arguing that God was not limited to one direction. Musaylimah declared that the Ka’aba was not the House of God, because an all-powerful God has no house.

Musaylimah said fasting should be at night instead of daytime during Ramadan. He prohibited circumcision. Musaylimah considered men and women equal, and allowed premarital sex. Musaylimah prohibited polygamy and cousin marriage. Musaylimah declared that any slave who converted to his religion would become free. Musaylimah stated that Iblis did not exist, because a fair and merciful God would not allow a being like Iblis to throw people into error. Musaylimah also said that it was wrong to include his name or any prophet’s name in worship to God.

It is believed that a few followers of Musaylimah survived at least till the 17th century. At the Mughal ruler Akbar’s council of religions, a discussion of Musaylimah’s religion also took place with the help of its priests. His teachings were almost lost but a neutral review of those does exist in a Persian book Dabestan-e-Mazaheb authored in 17th century.

Though both Muhammad and Musaylimah, as we know them today, are yet to be proved as historical figures, Musaylimah’s teachings apparently negated many aspects of Muhammad’s teachings. Had Musaylimah won the War of Yamamah, the course of Middle-Eastern religion would have been totally different and Sadakiah would have been a much more civilized and rational religion than what we face today after 1400 years.

Comparing Ramayana and Mahabharata

Arin Kumar Shukla FRAS
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Comparing Ramayana and Mahabharata

Ramayana and Mahabharata are perhaps India’s most prominent ancient texts apart from Bhagwat Geeta. Rama, the hero of Ramayana, and Krishna, the hero of Mahabharata are the most revered incarnations of Vishnu and the most illustrious characters of Hindu mythology.

The storytelling of these scriptures is by the ancient tradition of singing hymns with a musical instrument. It is said that if you want to know the dos for a successful life, read Ramayana. And if you want to know the don’ts for a successful life, read Mahabharata. These two dynamic texts provide two different views of life and its order of it. This article is about the differences and similarities between these two texts, and the legends associated with them. In the process of comparing the texts, we will try to understand why these texts still hold significant influence on the values and ideals of Indian society, even after thousands of years.

Story of Brothers

Mahabharata, as we know, is the story of two warring groups of cousins – Kauravas and Pandavas. Both groups belong to the same lineage of the Kuru clan and are fighting for the throne of Hastinapur.

Ramayana is the story of Rama, a prince of the Raghuvansh, whose family ruled over the Kosala kingdom. Rama had three other brothers, but no one claimed his stake in the throne. Even Rama was unwilling to take up the kingdom and instead wanted his younger brother Bharat to be the king. When Rama is exiled to the forest by his father Dasharatha, Bharat refuses to take up the throne and instead rules Ayodhya as a representative of Rama while he’s in exile for fourteen years.

There is a sharp contrast between both of these narratives. On one hand, Kauravas and Pandavas are contending for the throne of Hastinapur. While on another hand sons of Dasharatha are ready to sacrifice the throne for one another. Bharat, in absence of his elder brother, doesn’t take up his throne and instead rules as a deputy, keeping the Khadau (wooden slippers) of Rama as a symbol of the authority of the monarch.

Sun and Moon

Ramayana is the story of Rama, which belongs to the illustrious Suryavansham, or the solar dynasty. These are scions of the Surya Dev or the Sun god. Powerful kings such as Ikshavaku, Bharat, Harishchandra, Dilip, Sagara, Bhagirath, Aja, Raghu and Dasharatha were born in this dynasty.

Mahabharata is the story of Kauravas and Pandavas, which belonged to the Kuru clan, which was in turn a part of the Chandravansham, or the lunar dynasty. These are the descendants of the Chandra Dev or the Moon God. Ila, Yayati, Puru, Yadu, Dushyant, Kuru, Shantanu, Vichitraveera, Chitrangad, Pandu, Dhritarashtra and Vidur were born in the lunar dynasty.

Geography

The story of Ramayana is based on the north Indian kingdom of Kosala and its capital city Ayodhya, which was situated on the banks of river Sarayu. The storyline of Ramayana goes from north to south. It descends to Kashi, Chitrakoot, Dandakaranya, and Kishkindha before reaching the Indian Ocean. This is where Rama worshipped lord Shiva before proceeding ahead to Lanka to fight Ravana.

On the other hand, the story of Mahabharata travels horizontally east-west. Krishna is the king of the coastal kingdom of Dwarka on the West coast of India. The Kuru clan rules over Hastinapur in present-day Haryana. Krishna’s childhood was spent in Mathura and Vrindavan. Pandavas spent their last days of exile in Tripura in the far east corner of India. This unravels the whole trajectory of horizontal travel in the story of Pandavas.

Subordinate Vedic Gods

The stories of both Ramayana and Mahabharata feature Vedic deities such as Indra (King of Gods), Surya (Sun God), Vayu (Wind God) and Agni (Fire God). In Ramayana, Ram was born after a Yagya was performed by King Dasharatha. Sita, daughter of Janak was born after a Vedic ritual of ploughing the field. The leading Vanara characters of Hanuman, Sugriva and Vali are sons of Vayu, Surya and Indra respectively. In Mahabharata, by the power of mantras, Kunti bears Karna, Yudhishthira, Bhima and Arjuna by invoking Surya, Yama, Vayu and Indra. Madri invokes the Ashwini twins to bear Nakul and Sahadeva.

Therefore, we can say that deities of the Vedic period occupied a supporting role in the stories of Ramayana and Mahabharata and not had a vital say. The epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata were instrumental in the transition from the Vedic era to the Puranic era. These epics established Rama and Krishna as more popular heroes of the masses. In these stories, God himself descends to the mortal world, to live with people and demonstrate what an ideal life is like. These concepts were cherished by the people, hence, Puranic heroes like Rama, Krishna and Hanuman became the front cover of Indian culture, whereas the Vedic deities took a corner seat.

The tussle with “Collegium System”

Dr Jadabeswar Bhattacharjee
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The tussle with “Collegium System”

After the Supreme Court of India came into existence in 1950 and up to 1993, Judges of Higher Judiciary (High Courts and Supreme Court) were selected by the government in consultation with the Chief Justice following which the President of India formally appointed them. In 1993, the Supreme Court of India passed an order unilaterally and constituted the now controversial Collegium System for selection and promotion of Judges by a group of senior Judges.

The Collegium in the Supreme Court was comprised of the Chief Justice of India and four senior-most Judges of the Supreme court. In case of High Court, the Collegium was comprised of Chief Justice of the High Court and two senior-most Judges of the same High Court.

Neither in the Constitution of India any such provision for Collegium System was available, nor the Constitution allowed the Supreme Court to amend the Constitution. Amendment of Constitution was the absolute domain of the Parliament. In other words, the Supreme Court of India, by its order of 1993 establishing the Collegium System, had hijacked the country’s Constitution.

Judges selecting Judges has been a weird system in India and unheard of in any other democratic countries of the world. Moreover, the process of selecting or promoting Judges in Collegium System was found to be highly opaque. No records of the meetings of Collegium were kept. So, nobody knew on what basis or criteria one was selected as Judge or promoted and another was not.

In August 2014, Parliament passed the Constitution (99th Amendment) Act, 2014 along with the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014, providing for the creation of an independent Commission to appoint/promote Judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts to replace the Collegium System. But in 2015, a Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court of India declared the NJAC as un-Constitutional and directed for the continuation of Collegium System.

Composition of NJAC was consisted of following members: Chief Justice of India as the ex officio Chairperson, two senior-most Supreme Court Judges, as ex officio members, The Union Minister of Law and Justice as ex officio member, two eminent persons from Civil Society (to be nominated by a Committee consisting of the Chief Justice of India, Prime Minster of India and the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha; one of the eminent persons to be nominated from SC/ST/OBC/minorities or women). The Act empowered any two members of the NJAC to veto a recommendation if they did not agree with it.

Rejection of NJAC by the Supreme Court was mainly based on the argument of the independence of Judiciary. But it was not made clear how NJAC would compromise the independence of Judiciary. The Bench observed that the Judiciary could not risk being caught in a “web of indebtedness” towards the government. But it was not made clear how Judiciary would escape from the “web of indebtedness” towards the members of the Collegium, which could breed nepotism and vested interest in the Judiciary.

The Bench also observed that NJAC “violated the basic structure of the Constitution”, but forgot to see that Collegium System was not even within any structure of the Constitution. It was forced into the Constitution by the Supreme Court without any authority and like an inflamed appendix. Independent Judiciary meant independence in hearing cases and awarding verdicts.      

But the Supreme Court Constitutional Bench led by Justice Khehar observed that it was difficult to hold that the wisdom of appointment of Judges could be shared with the political-executive. It was beyond comprehension how the presence of one Minister in six-member Commission could disturb the WISDOM of Brahminical Judiciary. It was as if Minister of Law was some untouchable entity in the holy group Judges. The observation of the Bench that the organic development of Civil Society had not as yet sufficiently evolved, was based on assumption. Such observation humiliated Indian Civil Society and allowed the Judiciary to monopolize the claim of all organic developments.

The assumption of the Supreme Court, under Collegium System, that senior Judges were “Holier Than Thou” was untenable. Judges were also human beings and came from a common society. Unlike government and members of Parliament/Assembly, Judges were not answerable and accountable to the people of India. Judiciary did not have any check, balance and periodic assessment of performance of Judges by the people of India. Judges are dropped from the top and they enjoy immunity throughout their career.

Government never interfered in the trial of any case. So, independence in administrative matters, like selection and promotion of Judges, was beyond the absolute scope of Judiciary. Moreover, if dozens of High Courts and Supreme Court Judges remained busy in administrative works of selection and promotion of Judges, their core duty and responsibility would be diluted leading to more and more backlog of pending cases.

Currently a list of prospective Judges is shuttling between the Supreme Court and Law Ministry. Neither side is budging an inch. Supreme Court wants its absolute control over Collegium System and Central government is determined to play its role as the ruling representative body of the citizens of India. Let us see where the thing goes.

Life lessons to learn from Hindus

tanphadke
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Life lessons to learn from Hindus

Hindus have a story of external invasions, internal conflicts, ignorance, betrayal as well as teamwork, reinvention, forgiveness, acceptance, friendships, wisdom, courage, sacrifice, and a lot more — It is a story of survival, a story of resilience, and a story of courage.

What kept them alive when no one wanted Hindus to live? What can we learn from them?

Below I list a few lessons that one can learn from Hindus:

1-Start with traditional approach: Initially, Rajput Kings resisted the invaders fiercely by fighting many wars. These battles bought loss to the invading army and made victory difficult for invaders. The benefit was that it made the progress of invaders difficult and at times Rajputs also won war’s like Solanki’s against Gori or Privithiraj Chawhan in the first battle of Tarain.

Rajput women performed “Jawhar” . Jawhar not only protected them from rape and torments of harem but, also prevented them from giving birth to sons and daughters who would have been only used in wars under the influence of fanatic teachings or would have been only used for enjoyment and to reproduce. Moral — When you are faced with a sudden and an unknown challenge use all the tested & tried approaches.

2- Negotiate: The “fight it out” approach had to be re-evaluated because now the enemy was an outsider with a different value system. Suddenly, the rules and morals of war that were applicable for thousands of years in the case of internal battles were no longer valid. Battles were not as per the Dharma of the land. So, now new ways had to be implemented. Rajputs started to negotiate through marriage alliances. This could have helped them protect their faith, women, and children in return. A great example is — Princess Jodha’s marriage with Akbar. 

Moral — When you are not strong enough to win the battle but, still strong enough to cause sufficient damage, then negotiate to save yourself.2-

3- Keep the right advisors: As per the Kshatriya dharma, Rajputs were programmed to die for their honor and motherland. Then why did they start marriage alliances? A king always consulted with advisors who were learned in various Shastras or sciences of war, politics, economics, etc before making a decision. These well-versed advisors could have advised the kings to negotiate. Dharma says that — If one has to choose between the good of one person vs good for a greater number then sacrificing one person for the greater good is meritorious. 

Sacrificing the life of one princess to save the lives, faith, and culture of thousands of women and children was righteous for a king who had to protect his people. It is evident from the fact that a lot fewer Hindu temples are demolished in Rajasthan compared to Uttar Pradesh, Delhi etc.. — where only a few ancient monuments remain in ruins.

Moral— Always keep good advisors and build relations with knowledgeable people. 

4- Everyone is a leader: When idol disfiguration, temple demolition, was the norm in the Ganges plains —ordinary local people in villages in central parts of India started to hide temples and caves under tree trunks, covered them with grass, grew plants on top of them and succeeded in saving a few beautiful pieces of Hindu art, culture and tradition.

Lesson — Think out of the box and be a leader. Everyone can lead.

5- Plan for disaster: Hindus had a tradition of memorizing all their knowledge and it was passed from one generation to another. This made sure that even if books are lost some of the knowledge will remain through oral tradition. Nalanda university which enjoyed its golden period starting from the 5th century AD was destroyed in 1295. The books were burnt and the monks were killed or they fled. But, the monks who fled passed on their knowledge through oral tradition. 

Lesson — When starting a venture make sure that you can survive even when disaster hits.

6- Develop Emotional Strength— A classic example is that of Maharana Pratap who fought for his country and Raja Maan Singh who fought alongside the invaders. Pratap maintained an iron heart against all deceptions from his own people and kept fighting his battle. Another example is of Prithiviraj Chauhan and Jai chand. Sambhaji Raje and his brother in law. Betrayal can have a long-term psychological impact and can shatter people but as a king, one has to be prepared for the toughest. They had emotional strength to not only give their lives but suffer excruciating torture before their deaths. When you start on a mission you will face betrayal, back stabbing but, you need to develop emotional strength to overcome the trauma of these events to keep your mission alive.

Lesson — Keep yourself mentally prepared for the worst and do not be distracted by people who pull you down, plan against you, and do anything that is not in your control. 

7- Accept your mistakes and be open to change: Everyone knows about the flaws in Hindu society during medieval times — one of them being “varnashram” which is rechristened as “caste”. Only Kshatriya by birth was allowed to become a king. However, Shivaji was not a Kshatriya but, that did not prevent him from becoming the king. Several workarounds were done by Hindu Dharamaguru’s for his coronation. The fate of Hindus would have never been the same without Shivaji. Another custom was of “sati”. Ahalya Bai Holker’s father in law prevented her from going Sati. Had Ahalya Bai gone Sati there would have been no resurrection of Kashi. Same applies to Jhansi ki Rani — Lakshmi Bai. Had she gone Sati there would not have been first war of independence.

Lesson— Leave the rigid rules and be open to change. Brahmins were the first to accept their flaws and initiate a change. So Accept your mistakes and be open to change.

8- Knowledge is power: During the 18th and 19th centuries, Hindu bashing was a common practice. Hindus were shammed to the point that they started believing whatever colonist’s wanted them to believe. Gandhiji writes in his book “My experiments with truth “ Shame is a painful mental state to be in and a proven weapon to get control of others’ minds. He further writes — Outside his high school, missionaries would stand and hurl abuses at Hindu God’s. It was not that he was intolerant but, it was very hard for him to tolerate. 
During these periods some affluent Hindus learnt English. Empowered by knowledge they questioned, reasoned, traveled to Europe, and brought to light the greatness of Indian culture. Swami Vivekanand is the greatest example of the power of knowledge and a gem of the Indian renaissance.

Moral: Keep learning, and reinventing yourself because knowledge is power for intellectual wars. 

9- Women’s leadership: Although, India is projected as a country where women are discriminated against and abused, surprisingly in all the struggle for preserving culture, religion, and freedom women have been looked up to as leaders. Rani Durgavati, Tara Rani, Rani Abbakka, AhaliyaBa Holkar, Rani Lakshmi bai.. and many more were accepted as leaders.

Moral: Take women in leadership roles. 

10- Unbiased leadership: There were at least 13 major commanders in Shivaji’s army: Siddhi Hilal, Daulat Khan, Ibrahim Khan, Kazi Haider, Siddi Ibrahim, Siddi Wahwah, Noorkhan Beg, Shama Khan, Hussain Khan Miyani, Siddi Mistri, Sultan Khan, Dawood Khan and Madari Meheta who were not Hindus. Shivaji embraced them as his own in an unbiased leadership.

Moral : Do not build a bias against an entire population of a community, be wise to choose the right people irrespective of their religion.

10- Build constructive passion: Although invaders destroyed thousands of temples, no Hindu King ever destroyed a mosque nor forced anyone to convert to Hinduism. Although missionaries used money to convert the poor Hindu population, and shamed many to convert to christianity; Hindu’s never followed these methods. They never indulged in a communal massacre, nor collected any extra tax from non-Hindus, neither lured anyone with money. Many Indian rulers after victory over invaders have built temples and repaired demolished temples. Hindu’s kept building while invaders kept destroying. Instead of being revengeful and focusing on destruction they focused on building.

Lesson : Never stop building. The power of construction is immense. Under any situation keep your constructive passion alive.

Now, the shrunk India and it’s remaining Hindu population faces many challenges. Distorted view of secularism is one of those. In this view the government, law enforcement and media opts for inaction against any hate crimes done agains’t Hindu’s. Not only that, it also supports and justifies the perpetrators of those crimes.

Will Hindus write a new story of survival? Will they at least, not further decrease in population? — Only time will tell.

 But, the Hindu’s story of survival for the last 1400 years, has taught the world valuable lessons for which the world should be thankful to them. 

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